The Origins of Sociology Free Essays

FK8R 34 Sociology A: Introduction to Sociology Alisha Walsh In the mid 1800’s, French author Auguste Comte came up with the term â€Å"sociology†. Although previous philosophers, historians and political thinkers had studied and tried to make sense of their societies, this was when it began to develop as a distinctive science. Comte grew up in a time of great social and political upheaval. We will write a custom essay sample on The Origins of Sociology or any similar topic only for you Order Now As the world rapidly changed, he and others began to study the societies they lived in. He sought to create a science of society that could explain the laws of the social world just as science explained the functioning of the physical world. (Giddens 2006:11) Throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth century political revolutions occurring throughout Europe, the Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution all lead to previously unseen changes in many societies. The French Revolution of 1789 meant that monarchs of Europe came under severe scrutiny. Subjects began to question their â€Å"divine right† to rule. Ideas of individuals’ rights and their say in how society was run emerged. Political parties and social reform quickly followed. Great scientific discoveries formed a perspective of looking to science and reason to answer questions about the natural and social world. People were turning away from the church, religion and superstition for these answers. The Industrial Revolution 1780-1800 had a profound effect on Britain and laterally Europe. Almost all aspects of life were changed as people became part of the factory system. People moved from rural areas and agricultural jobs to towns where social life was more impersonal and anonymous. They began to work by a clock instead of the rhythms of the season. Traditional values and roles were dropped as new ones evolved. To study Sociology, one must have what C. Wright Mills called a â€Å"sociological imagination†. Sociological thinking and imagination requires us to remove ourselves from our everyday lives and experience, and look at them differently. Only then can we realise that individual experience can actually reflect larger issues. He emphasised the difference between â€Å"personal troubles of millue† and â€Å"public issues of social structure†(Mills 2000 :5) This means that the sociological imagination allows us to see that public issues such as war, marriage, the economy, urbanisation etc, can affect the individual as well as personal circumstance and experiences. â€Å"The sociological imagination enables us to grasp history and biography and the relations between the two. That is its task and its promise. †(Mills 2000:2) He stated that sociologists must ask three crucial questions: What is the structure of this particular society? Where does this society stand in human history? What varieties of men and women prevail in this society and in the coming period? (Mills 200:3) He believed that as individuals these questions would help us make sense of our own place and experience in the society we live in and identify its structures and characteristics. He also stated that â€Å"they are the questions inevitably raised by any mind possessing the sociological imagination. For that imagination is the capacity to shift form one perspective to another†. The sociological imagination allows us to be analytical and critical of the world and to look at the bigger picture. There are many sociological theories which attempt to explain how society works. They provide a framework for explaining social behaviour. They find the relation between individuals, groups and society. These theories can be put into two broad categories, macro theories and micro theories. Macro theories such as Functionalism and Marxism look to explaining behaviour through the notion of social structures and look at society holistically. Macro theories tend to use quantitive research when a social theory or model is being explored. Data has to be measurable and proccessed mathematically (surveys) to provide unbiased results that can be measured, compared and related to large parts of society (Amit B. Marvasti 2004:7). Micro theories such as social action and symbolic interaction look at individual behaviour and how small scale interactions shape society. Micro theories use qualitive research methods, concentrating on smaller groups but providing more detailed analysis and descriptions of human experience. The experiment can be based around a theory and results are recorded as detailed, narrative descriptions as opposed to numerical codes found in quantitive research (Amit B. Mavasti 2004:10) Functionalism analyses how social structures explain behaviour. Interdependent parts of society have to function together to create a whole system. Biological or mechanical analogies are often used. Functionalism emphasises integration, harmony, stability and continuity. It is a positive perspective that views even tragedies or inequality as serving a function in society. McClelland2001:1) It looks at society as a whole and is good at explaining the persistence of social phenomena (anomie). Marxism also focuses on social structures but is a conflict theory. Society is made up of infrastructure and superstructure. This structure is based on the inequality of distribution of production and causes conflict. It recognises different power interests in groups and is good at explaining conflict and chang e ( SparkNotes Editors 2006). Social Action theory emphasises the intentional behaviour of individuals as the cause of social structure. Individuals shape society as a result of intentional individual or group interaction. It concentrates on the meaning of social behaviour and its interpretation by others and is good at explaining small scale interactions. According to Anthony Giddens , good sociology must examine both social structures and social interactions. It is how a fuller understanding of social life is achieved (Giddens2005:25). Socialization, Social order and Social Stratification are three key concepts in sociology that try to explain the relationship between the individual and society. Social order is the way in which societies’ basic requirements are met to exist, how peace and order is maintained. It is obtained formally through laws and through the use of social norms, roles and values. It involves a set of linked structures, institutions and practices that can maintain and enforce conformity and social order (Dr Almog 1998). Functionalist theory views individuals as contributing to social order by happily playing out their occupied roles within social institutions. These roles are guided by the norms and values we learn through socialization and are necessary for society to function (Dr Almog 1998). Marxist theory claims that social order is forced on the individual, norms and values are used by institutions that want to maintain capitalism. They are a way to control the working class (Giddens 2006: 301-302). Social Action theory sees social order as a product of social interactions, symbolic meanings and how they are interpreted by others. The individual is a social actor who will interpret and process social stimuli and makes choices accordingly. Socialization is a lifelong learning process and plays a crucial part in forming our identities. It is the process by which individuals learn the culture of their society† (Haralambos amp; Holborn 2008:3). The important stage of socialization occurs during infancy. The child learns many basic behaviour patterns of its society by responding to the approval or disapproval of their parents and also by copying their example. In western societies, the educational system, religion, the mass media, the occupational group and peer group s are also important in the socialisation process ( Haralambos amp; Holbor2008:3). Functionalist theory believes that socialisation reinforces the social structure and maintains society. That it is functional and beneficial to social order. It transfers culture, norms and values to new generations and integrates individuals into society. It is the social glue that holds society together and helps create a sense of harmony and cooperation (Kent McClelland 2001). Marxism sees socialization as one of the most effective tools of the Bourgeoisie. It legitimises existing social inequalities and prepares the individual for a class related role they will fill indefinitely (SparkNotes Editors 2006). Social Action theory believes socialization is relevant in relation to symbols and their interpretation, the development of social identity and the small scale interactions that shape it. Socialisation helps maintain social order (Cardiff University 2010). Social Stratification is the ranking and ordering of individuals within a society. It is a structured hierarchy which leads to divisions and higher status, wealth and privilege for some groups. Social class is the stratification system found in modern industrial societies like the UK, but it can also occur due to other attributes such as gender, age, religious education or military rank (Giddens 2006:295) Members of a particular strata will share a similar lifestyle and common identity which will to some extent distinguish them from members of other social strata (H amp; H 2008:19) A functionalist perspective of social stratification is that it is based on meritocracy and is therefore an inevitable part of all societies. Talcott Parsons believed that social stratifications are a basic expression of shared values which are an essential part of a functioning society. Social stratification is functional because it integrates various groups in society (Hamp; H2008:21) Marxism regards stratification as a divisive structure rather than an integrated one. It is seen as a mechanism for the ruling class to exploit the subject class, rather than a means of furthering collective goals (H amp; H 2008:27). Various institutions such as legal and political systems are used to dominate the subject class resulting in conflict (H amp; H 2008:28). Social action theory focuses on how a persons’ social standing affects their everyday interactions. According to Max Webber, social stratification not only involves class but also status and party (social status and political power) (Giddens 2006:302-303). Social action theory studies the processes behind stereotypes, mixed interactions and labelling. Its notes how stratification is a way to put people in groups and questions how much power individuals in these groups have to realise their goals (Cardiff University 2010) References Haralambos amp; Holborn (2008) Sociology Themes and Perspectives , 7th Edition, London, Harper Collins Anthony Giddens (2006) Sociology, 5th Edition, Cambridge, Polity Press Amit B. Mavasti (2004) Qualititive Research in Sociology, London, Sage Publications Ltd C. Wright Mills (2000) The Sociological Imagination, 40th Edition, New York , Oxford University Press Inc World Wide Web Page Kent McClelland, Grinnel College 2001 Functionalism (Online) Available: web. grinnel. edu/courses/soc/s00/soc111-01/IntroTheories/Functionalism. tml SparkNotes Editors 2006 Sparknote on Sociology Major Figures (Online) Available: http://www. sparknotes. com/sociology/major-figures/ (Acceseed 31 October 2012) Dr Oz Almog, Electronic Journal of Sociology 1998 The Problem of Social Type: A Review (Online) Available:www. sociology. org/content/vol003. 004/almog. html (Accessed 31 October 2012) Angus Bancroft and Sionead Rogers, Cardiff University 2010 Max Weber-Natural Science, Social Science and Value Rele vance (Online) http://www. cf. ac. uk/socsi/undergraduate/introsoc/weber6. html How to cite The Origins of Sociology, Papers

Surgical Management of Stress Urinary Incontinence

Question: Describe about the Surgical Management of Stress Urinary Incontinence? Answer: Take Responsibility of your anger Taking responsibility of own anger is important for the person to avoid any circumstances that can affect the person that is anger and also to the other person on which the anger is forwarded. It is often found that when a person is not able to control his/her emotion or feelings and badly yells on someone results into breaking of relationship which results major loss for the angered person. Apart from that, the anger that is uncontrolled mostly correlates with physical abuse, emotional abuse, violent behaviour and also crime (Avtgis and Rancer, 2010). Therefore, taking responsibility to control the anger will make the environment better and other person can understand the situation of person. According to the report of Sovereign Health, when someone witness high uncontrollable anger are bounded with various kinds of anger disorders such as self-inflicted anger, overwhelmed anger, volatile anger, judgmental anger, chronic anger and passive anger. Thus, controlling anger will help in protecting oneself from other disease or disorders. The major issues that is related with the anger relates to health issues. According to Bhave and Saini (2009), the health problem can be both long term as wells short term such as headache, increased anxiety, stroke, heart attack, high blood pressure, insomnia, depression, skin problem like eczema and digestion problem like abdominal ache. Therefore, there is a need to have a control and take responsibility over anger and improve the quality of health and be free from such health issues. On the other hand, it is seen that anger not only affect personal life but also hamper their professional life which results into job loss and family breakdown. According to report of Boiling Point Report, UK, anger of people significantly increases stress level. About 70% of adults in UK witness stress at workplace which results in tiredness and low energy, no proper relaxing, problem in sleeping, etc (Black, 2011). Disruption of aim-directed behaviour when time is necessary Helpless Victim Part of physical or verbal assault Badly treated and ignored by other Experience of unfair treatment and helpless to do anything Bad Relationship Continuous drop in performance Treated as weak zone Table 1: Some Reason for Angry Taking hold over anger will make the person to have better control over their mind and body and can be able to tackle different situations that may arise. Moreover, the person will feel less amount of stress and physically fit and can be have stressful communication either with peers, family, friends or workers. The person will be able to understand the situation before it get worsen and the person will able to understand the point of other with clear mind. On the other hand, the person can be successful in building healthy relationship with the peoples that are previously hurt by him (Brenner, Bush and Moses, 2010). Control on anger will calm down the nerves and situation of disputes will be controlled. Thus, it can be understood that taking responsibility will make the life of the person good and will get appreciation from all corners and a person can carry their activities at higher note without falling into disputes or conflicts. Two Consequences in dealing with feelings Physical Harm: The person that is not able to control his/her anger completely when he/she is anger then it can result to physical fight with other party. It is evident that people that do not have control over their unassertiveness or anger tends to raise their hands on the conflicting party in order to prove their point. As an outcome it hurts both the party. Due to such consequences the relation between the members is broken and in future they stop communicating with each other (Davis, 2012). The chances of physical hurt are higher when someone is angry and suffering from anger management. Thus, it is one big consequence that arises from unassertive person. On the other hand, suffering party may face severe health problem which may require high medical cost to get better treatment. The angered person in anger may not be considering in which areas he/she is hitting the person. On the contrary, the person that is anger can get more hit from other party if he/she is much stronger tha n the unassertive person. The conflict between the parties will not only cause physical damage but also there can be loss of property such as personal mobile phones, house/office property, etc (Goodwin, 2011). Therefore, falling into physical fight will make the person depressed after the situation which will directly impact their health and can give rise to high blood pressure, heart problem, headache, etc. The unassertive person may feel loss of good relationship and it can be tough for the person to make the situation right as earlier. No Consideration of other feelings: The people working in the organization can have different feelings and points for the betterment of the organization. If their points are not considered by the senior management or managers then it can make them angry. Moreover, if the person is suffering from anger management then it can give birth to conflict. As a result, the person can use abusive language towards the manager or management (Holbrow, 2013). Further, the person may not bother to listen the valid the points that would have been made by the manger for not considering his points. Being said that, the person may continue with using negative word for the organization which can largely hurt the other members working in the organization. On the other hand, the unethical behaviour of the person may result into sack from the job which can further impact his future life and also his family life. Furthermore, the person may not regard the views and feelings of other that are affected with h is/her behaviour. Apart from that, the unassertive person does not praise the feelings or viewpoints mentioned by the other person instead they give more importance to their points (Krueger, 2009). The unassertive person will not take in account whether the person is getting hurt from his/her comments or not. It is known that when a person is at boiling point then the burst on others and ignores the valid point made by the others and keep on scolding them which results in lack of bonding and negative response and feelings towards that person. Meaning of block, identification and congruence Block: Block as per the counselling terms means to chunk the words, the behaviour or feelings that carrying negative emotion which can hurt other people. It is know that when the person is in anger phase, the person speaks whatever comes to their way. Therefore, it leads a great impact on the intellect of others and in turn they also lose their temper which results in major fights (Peel, 2013). Therefore, the counsellors provide trainings to the people to control their nerves and have control over their emotion so that surrounding people can better relate with them. Therefore, whenever any conflicting situation arises then the person can be able to handle the situation by controlling their thoughts and mind. As a result, the person would be able to communicate with the others and share thoughts and ideas in positive environment. The blockage of negative words or thoughts will enforce a favourable environment and a strong relationship can be build between communicators (Quill, 2009). Therefore, block is a stoppage to forbid any ill-thought or speech to bring happy environment. Identification: Identification means recognizing emotions, patterns of negative thought, understanding the current situation, etc before the situation get worse. Therefore, identification of emotion and mental state situation helps the person to turn the environment into feasible one so that an effective communication channel can be build. Apart from that, indentifying emotion prior it can affect the person life will help in finding solution to control it beforehand. As a result, a person would be able to control their anger and can have effective communication with everyone. On the other hand, Anger et al. (2013) discussed that identification in terms of counselling means identifying the issues that bothers a person to get angry such as pain, injustice, humiliation, failure, etc. Therefore, it provides great support to the counsellors to provide best solution to the sufferers and making their life more enjoyable and satisfactory one. The identification of the emotion will make the p erson less anger and the person will not burst to extreme level on someone rather the person will try to make their points clear in calm and composed manner. Congruence: According to Borsay (2012), congruence means being genuine and be yourself while carrying relationships with anyone. Therefore, the people that are going through the issues of anger management mostly blurt out whatever comes to their way irrespective of who they are talking too. In order to prevent the negative environment, the person communicating with the anger disorder person then the former one has to be genuine about his work and mistakes as telling right and truth will prohibit the later to become angry. On the other hand, Brown and Gerbarg (2012) mentioned that during counselling session the sufferer should speak genuinely about how he/she feels at the time of anger and what are the realisations after calming down and the emotions associated with it. Therefore, it provides valuable details to the counsellors to recommend effective treatment to the person. It is normally found that people suffering anger disorder usually hides their feelings and emotions as they do not want to know people want to know about their anger management issue (Buka, 2013). Facilitating Change and Promoting Positive Thinking In order to understand the behaviour of people that are suffering from anger management, the counsellor has considered five people suffering from such disorder. The purpose of the counsellor is to study and develop effective solution to change the thinking of sufferers. On the other hand, the counsellor have conducted interview with each participants to know their mind state at the time of anger and the prime feelings that are witnessed. The counsellor has found that its the feeling of the people that make them anger which leads to making the environmental situation worse (Cheshin, Glikson and Callister, 2013). Therefore, the counsellor have propounded that changing the thinking process will help the sufferers to control their feelings and emotions. Apart from that, the counsellor has provided an example to the participants of the person that has been benefited from such technique. Due to changing and controlling thinking process the life of the person has improved and is able to fos ter good environment for their family, friends and other colleagues (Cooklin, 2013). The example of counsellors patient has motivated other patients to change the way they think. On the other hand, the counsellor has mentioned that relax would be advantageous for the people to overcome the tensed situation. The counsellor asked the participants to relax for about minute or so which helped in developing positive thinking among the participants and they were feeling more energetic and calm in their nerves. It is known that when any person having anger disorder try different things forcefully to overcome it but in results it increases the tension (E. Anger, 2013). Therefore, relaxing would help and thus the counsellor has asked to client to wait for the result and do not get panic. Apart from that, in order to bring positive thinking, the counsellor told clients to appreciate the things that are really good without compromising such as related to foods, transport or anything else. Therefore, it would help in bringing about positive thinking change and better feeling. Moreover, the client should appreciate the work of their peers or labours working under him as i t will make the client feel good and satisfactory (Feng and Anger, 2013). As a result, the client will able to communicate in valuable way and also other people will able to connect with him largely. Furthermore, the counsellor concentrated on client to make him recall about the positive memories and experiences that have happened to him. The positive experiences will boost new energy and will refine the thought pattern or process of clients. Therefore, the client will be able to present most supportive and effective solutions to any problem and can also provide right advice to their kids, friends or office seniors (Filipovi, Vukosavljevi -Gvozden and Opa i, 2015). The positive memories and experiences will let the client win over the negative feeling and fostering positive change. As a result, the client would be able to get over anger issues and chances of conflict can be lowered down. Moreover, changing thinking process of client requires motivating them and providing complete details about change and its advantageous aspects. Dysfunctional Family and Healthy Family According to Freed and McLaughlin (2013), dysfunctional family is that family where issues of misbehaviour, conflict, child or individual abuse and child neglect are often found. The members of dysfunctional family accumulates familiar behaviour pattern and features which is a consequence of their experiences within the structure of family. On the other hand, Frost (2013) explained that people that protect their inner emotions and feelings fall in dysfunctional family and they do not like sharing their thoughts and feelings with someone. Moreover, they prefer solitary life and enjoying being alone. The person that belongs to this group generally gives more importance to performance than the person involved in ensuring that performance. Apart from that, member of dysfunctional family holds many secrets and make sure that nobody knows it. In the dysfunctional family, rules and regulation are usually rigid, unclear and inconsistent. Therefore, family member hardly follows rule and live by their own means without caring of someone else. Furthermore, Hamelin, Travis and Sturmey (2013) discussed that in the dysfunctional family, the members normally feel tired even if they do not perform any tough or physical work which eliminate them for being a part of healthy family. It has been also discussed that people are normally disappointed if the performance is not attained according to their expectation and due to that they makes the environment very tensed for themselves as well as for others. On the other hand, Hyman and Pedrick (2012) pointed that people belonging to dysfunctional family has low self-confidence and does not involve themselves in any discussion rather tries to avoid being part of anything. On the contrary, Johnson and Anderson (2013) illustrated that a healthy family is that family that are very much active in social and professional life. These people are confident enough to share and communicate their feelings with others and also give due importance to others feeling. Furthermore, Lee (2013) mentioned that member belonging to a healthy family gives more importance to individual person than the performance. Thus, it can be understood that feelings, sentiments and effort of the person is placed on higher note over the performance. As a result, it helps in building relationship and close bonding between each others. On the other hand, the member that is growing on personal or professional level is applauded and respect is given. The people acknowledges more loving cheerful environment and has effective communication channel. Apart from that, Lewis and Grigg (2013) pointed that criticism and appreciation both are welcomed as people thinks it will help them to overcome t heir mistakes and gain much higher performances. The rules and regulations in a healthy family are clear and flexible which does not make the home environment tense. Moreover, the members are ready to take up stress and provide better performance to their colleagues. It helps them to take up any challenges and strongly stands over it. On the other side, people give due importance to them and holds strong confident that they can pull off any work. Furthermore, the bonding or alliance between parent and their children is strong which helps them to tackle any family issues (Lixing, 2013). Role of Family Therapist in guiding dysfunctional family Psychodynamic Therapy: The family therapist can adopt this method for understanding the psychology of the patients. The unconscious processes associated with the current behaviour of the patients can be studied which would help in treating their problem. On the other hand, the psychodynamic approach would be effective for the patient to examine and assess their unresolved difference and also the symptoms that may have born from previous dysfunctional relationships (Marker and Aylward, 2012). Therefore, through this method the unconscious mind of the patient can be changed into conscious mind and they can improve their life. Apart from that, the psychodynamic therapy will help the family therapist to understand the mind state of the patients and their capacity to undertake any materials about which they are not aware. The therapy provide valuable support to people that face issues of obsessive compulsive disorders, phobias, etc (McCarthy, 2006). Moreover, due to this therapy the patie nts can have capability for self-reflection and understand the reason behind their psychic behaviour. Interpersonal Therapy: This therapy would be too effective for the family therapist to provide treatment to people suffering depression under dysfunctional family. The therapist can concentrate on enhancing communication patterns and relation of person with others. The communication will help in knowing the issues that are actually bothering them and why they have fall into depression (Megna, 2013). The child or adult into depression can be cured through interpersonal therapy. Through an effective communication, the patient can breakdown his emotions to therapist which the patients may not be willing to do so. On the other hand, through interpersonal therapy, the therapist can help the person to recognize their emotion and source of its origin so that best treatment can be done for taking patient out from depression. Furthermore, Pierce, Pierce and Gies (2013) proposed that interpersonal therapy would be effective for the patients in expressing their emotion and coming out of any inn er anger that may have been bothering them for long. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy: It is also one of the effective methods in helping the member of dysfunctional therapy. The family therapist can provide due care in helping the member to change their behaviour patterns. This would provide support to people in enhancing cognitive and emotional regulation by understanding about the matters that give rise to such psychic behaviour (Pincus, 2012). The family therapist can guide the member to have different thinking and have stable relationship with others. The suffering person can notice change in their behaviour and would look up to things in their actual means. The anxiety and depression can be treated and can be also useful in curing other physical related health issues. The dysfunctional family that is not able to relate with their family member earlier would be form a strong communication channel. Moreover, the family member can respect each other and would give due importance to the feelings of family member. As a result, the dysfunct ional family will be able to bring a happy and calm environment and the level of conflict between the families members will be brought down (Rogo-Gupta et al. 2013). Observation of psychiatrist The psychiatrist observed that parents of bereaved children are under high risk which is related to mental and health issues. The parents were talking less and were lost in thinking about their kid. As a result, it pushes them into depression for quite long which largely affects their relationship and also results in emotional breakdown. Apart from that, during the counselling session, the psychiatrist observed that parents were less interacting with him and was remaining silent for most of the time (Seed, 2013). Therefore, it turned difficult for the psychiatrist to engage their attention and interest in the session for purpose of handling situation. It is know that parents have close relationship with their kids and when their kids die, the parents break down into tears and they feel like their world is lost. Thus, counselling the parents was pretty much tough for the psychiatrist. On the other hand, the psychiatrist observed that other parents were highly involved in communicating with other people in order to remain away from emotional breakdown. The communication helps in decreasing the effect of the situation and it gives strength to the parents to fight the situation. Furthermore, during the session, the parents were counselled to not talk about the kid and should try to communicate with the member that may have come to attend the kids death funeral (Serres, 2010). Thus, communication was helpful to talk on other matters besides talking about childs death. Apart from that, the psychiatrist observed that parents are not falling into depression. Therefore, it helped the parents to behave and act normally and provided support to other family members that are largely affected from the children bereaved. Moreover, the psychiatrist observed that situation was effectively controlled and the environment has not worsened as it usually has in the society. The counse lling was effective for the parents to control their emotion as it would have bad impact on other kids of the parents which can affect their future life (Silverton, 2012). Further, psychiatrist acknowledged that some parents did not encounter the things that were taught in the counselling. As an outcome, they broke into tears including other members which made the environment saddened. Due to that, some were feeling weak and at the same time was bursting out their feelings (Wallace, 2013). Thus, it can be understood that in spite of taking counselling session to handle situation may not turn successful every time. Other than that, psychiatrist observed that some parents were able to take advantage points from counselling and was able to control their anxiety and mental state so that it does not have impact on their health and personal life and lead the life happily. Three Cs for managing stress and anxiety Commitment: It is regarded by the counsellors as one factor to give rise to stress and anxiety. It is known that, in schools, colleges or universities, the students need to have highly committed towards their studies in order to gain higher grades. Therefore, pressure from schools or of studies gives birth to anxiety and stress which affects the physical state of the students and their health. On the other hand, (Williams, 2012) discussed that if the person is not able to attain expected higher performance in spite of conferring due commitment and effort. Thus, it results in high stress and anxiety which can further leads to depression. The objective of earning performance within set time in comparison to other groups can leads to high stress if the competitors complete the task early and with top notch. Thus, it can make the person saddened and slowly the person can go into solitary zone. Apart from that, if any person is not able to fulfil the commitment made to society, then in th at case the person can feel stress and anxiety. Control: This can be too one case for rising anxiety and stress. When a person is not able to control their anger or any error for very long then the individual can be in a position of stress. On the other hand, if an individual employee of an organisation is regularly making mistakes or is not able to control their error in spite taking corrective measures. Then it can upset the employee and he/she may not be feeling satisfied with work which can turn into stress. Apart from that, (Williams, 2012) mentioned that if an individual is not able to have full control on their negative thought in spite being counselled then it can give rise to stress and anxiety. As a result, it can lower down the morale and confidence of the person which would affect their future life. Therefore, if control is not properly enforced then the person can be bounded with stress and anxiety. Challenge: Challenge is one of the reasons that can result to stress and anxiety. For instance, if an individual challenge other individual that he cannot perform better than him anytime and the challenge of the person came true then the other individual will largely fall into stress and anger. Moreover, the person would not be willing to take up challenge any further. On the other hand, the challenges of poverty or unemployment can be other causes that can turn to anxiety and stress (Wilson et al., 2013). It is known fact that people commit suicide due to high poverty and no employment to improve their life. Thus, challenges of social issues can make the life of the person hell and full of depression. Furthermore, the person may fall into high consumption of alcohol or any unethical means. Vicious Cycle of Neurotic Behaviour Priority: The major priority of the person may relate with earning income and profit in quick time so that the life of the family can be improved. Therefore, the person may involve themselves completely into work which may have serious impact on their health and mind which can result into neurotic behaviour. In order to fulfil desires that person can acknowledge different issues (Young and Kleist, 2010). Anxiety: In this section, a person can be feeling nervous about any particular matter that may be related to work or health. The person may not feel active to perform any performance with highest composure and productivity. As a result, an individual may fall into anxiety which can have serious impact on their health and behaviour (Megna, 2013). Due to anxiety, the person can feel pain in their body and may not be willing to interact with anyone and fall into depression. On the other hand, anxiety within the individual will make the person to take decision in hurry without acknowledging the consequences of the taken decision. Therefore, if the person is not able to gain the expected result then it can make the person sad and may be feeling low (Pierce, Pierce and Gies, 2013). Sleeping Problem: The other section in the vicious cycle is the problem in sleeping. The neurotic behaviour will turn the attitude of the person in negative way and lot of thoughts will be going through the mind of the people which may be impossible for him/her to control. As an outcome it would make the person to fall into high depression which may give rise to serious health issues such as blood pressure, gastritis, heart problem, etc (Rogo-Gupta et al. 2013). On the other hand, due to sleeping problem the person will not be able to maintain good relationship with family and friends. Moreover, on the larger scale, the person would be no more interested in social life and may cut from the society. Therefore, it would be understood that neurotic behaviour is a serious issue that can make the life of a person difficult to cop up with the arising situation. Loose joy: Due to neurotic behaviour the person may not be any more interested in enjoying the social life and communicating with others rather would prefer to stay alone. On the other hand, if any person would try to understand their problem then the suffering person may behave unethically and can burst out without any reason (Seed, 2013). As a result, other person would also not be interested and try to remain away from them. Therefore, the neurotic behaviour may make the person health weaker and slowly if it is gone in the same way the person can fall into unconscious mind and behave irrationally. Less Accomplishment: Due to less joy, health issues, etc could make difficult for the person to accomplish their desire and further it can lead to less recognition. On the other hand, person may not be able to gather enough capital for improving life and social status (Wallace, 2013). Thus, it can be understood that giving priorities to much importance than health can result into neurotic behaviour and it would be tough to cop up with the life in future. Two behavioural changes in depressive illness Suicidal Behaviour: According to Borsay (2012), an individual that is suffering from depressive illness often force individual to commit suicide. The person will act differently and will always give a sign that they are going to suicide. The behaviour can be related to wring a note in the form of song, using the word death on continuous basis while communicating with someone. Therefore, it gives a sign that at some point of time the person will do suicide. Moreover, the person would be not picking anyone calls, would be hardly interacting, looking to something continuously for long hours, etc. Thus, such kind of behaviour will provide details that person is suffering depression. Apart from that, Buka (2013) mentioned that, suicidal behaviour arises when someone is suffering from issues such as humiliation, unfair treatment, continuous failure, etc. There will be a change in the behaviour and person may not willing to socialize and would be staying alone, may not be interested in eati ng food, etc. Further, Cooklin (2013) pointed that parents or other family member should try to understand why the child or adult is behaving in such way and should consult with any psychiatrist to provide effective treatment to the person before any major damage can happen to the family. Continuous Health Issues: Person facing depression illness will suffer from disease on regular note such as headaches, digestive problems, excessive sleeping, insomnia, etc. As a result of such health issues, the person would not be interested to involve themselves in activities and may also avoiding physical relation with partner. Therefore, it would lead to problem in relationship which would hamper each one life (Freed and McLaughlin, 2013). On the other hand, due to depressive illness the person would be evading eating food and would be giving excuses which may be irrelevant to the points mentioned by the person. Furthermore, due to down in health, the person would stop socializing and also may not be telling about the issues faced by them to their family or friends. Apart from that, Feng and Anger (2013) pointed that person would be feeling restlessness, tired and would be taking wrong decision which may hamper their life. The individual would always have a question about health issue and the person would be regularly witnessing fatigueless and low energy which may forbid them to take part in social activity. On the other hand, due to continuous health problem, the person can go into severe depression which would be affecting the person as well as the people associated with them. References Anger, K., DeGrado, Greenwood, B., Cohen, S. and Szumita, P. (2013). Evaluation of recombinant activated protein C for severe sepsis at a tertiary academic medical center. TCRM, p.277. Avtgis, T. and Rancer, A. (2010). Arguments, aggression, and conflict. New York: Routledge. Bhave, S. and Saini, S. (2009). Anger management. New Delhi: SAGE Publications. Black, A. (2011). Catharsis. [S.l.: CreateSpace]. Borsay, C. (2012). Anger management interventions for adults with learning disabilities living in the community: a review of recent (2000-2010) evidence. British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 41(1), pp.38-44. Brenner, G., Bush, D. and Moses, J. (2010). Creating spiritual and psychological resilience. New York: Routledge. Brown, R. and Gerbarg, P. (2012). The healing power of the breath. Boston, Mass.: Trumpeter. Buka, P. (2013). Promoting Academic Achievement through Positive Relationships. Journal of Educational and Social Research. Cheshin, A., Glikson, E. and Callister, R. (2013). Anger and Aggression Under a Magnifying Glass - Focusing On Intensity. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2013(1), pp.14354-14354. Cooklin, A. (2013). Promoting children's resilience to parental mental illness: engaging the child's thinking. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 19(3), pp.229-240. Davis, R. (2012). Catharsis. [S.l.]: Authorhouse. Anger, K. (2013). Dexmedetomidine: A Review of its Use for the Management of Pain, Agitation, and Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 19(22), pp.4003-4013. Feng, T. and Anger, J. (2013). Surgical management of stress urinary incontinence: trends in older women. Aging Health, 9(5), pp.515-518. Filipovi, S., Vukosavljevi-Gvozden, T. and Opai, G. (2015). Irrational Beliefs, Dysfunctional Emotions, and Marital Adjustment: A Structural Model. Journal of Family Issues. Freed, P. and McLaughlin, D. (2013). Promoting Cultures of Thinking: Transforming Nursing Education to Transform Nursing Practice. Creative Nursing, 19(4), pp.174-181. Frost, M. (2013). Starving the anger gremlin: a cognitive behavioural therapy workbook on anger management for young people , by Kate Collins-Donnelly. Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties, 18(4), pp.452-453. Goodwin, G. (2011). Symptom relief and facilitation of emotional processing. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 21, pp.S710-S715. Hamelin, J., Travis, R. and Sturmey, P. (2013). Anger Management and Intellectual Disabilities: A Systematic Review. Journal of Mental Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 6(1), pp.60-70. Holbrow, P. (2013). Dust explosion venting of small vessels and flameless venting. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 91(3), pp.183-190. Hyman, B. and Pedrick, C. (2012). Anxiety disorders. Minneapolis: Twenty-First Century Books. Johnson, K. and Anderson, J. (2013). Rhetorical Constructions of Anger Management, Emotions, and Public Argument in Baseball Culture: The Case of Carlos Zambrano. NINE, 21(2), pp.56-76. Krueger, L. (2009). Anger management. Detroit: Greenhaven Press. Lee, M. (2013). Promoting historical thinking using the explicit reasoning text. The Journal of Social Studies Research, 37(1), pp.33-45. Lewis, H. and Grigg, R. (2013). Promoting thinking skills through visible routines. Early Years Educator, 15(6), pp.38-44. Lixing, Z. (2013). Strategic thinking on further promoting the development of the ChineseUS economic and trade relations. International Affairs Forum, 4(2), pp.180-189. Marker, C. and Aylward, A. (2012). Generalized anxiety disorder. Toronto: Hogrefe. McCarthy, N. (2006). Anger management. Nat Rev Cancer, 6(9), pp.658-659. Megna, P. (2013). Langlands Wrath: Righteous Anger Management in The Vision of Piers Plowman. Exemplaria, 25(2), pp.130-151. Peel, M. (2013). Catharsis. [S.l.]: Authorhouse. Pierce, L., Pierce, S. and Gies, C. (2013). Choices: Anger and Anger Management in Rehabilitative Care. Rehabilitation Nursing, 38(2), pp.80-87. Pincus, D. (2012). Growing up brave. New York: Little, Brown and Co. Quill, C. (2009). Anger and anger management. New York: Rosen Pub. Group. Rogo-Gupta, L., Litwin, M., Saigal, C. and Anger, J. (2013). Trends in the Surgical Management of Stress Urinary Incontinence Among Female Medicare Beneficiaries, 2002-2007. Urology, 82(1), pp.38-42. Seed, P. (2013). Anger management: bacteria soothe the savage host. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 123(6), pp.2348-2349. Serres, S. (2010). Applying Research to Build Healthy Families: An Interview With Les and Leslie Parrott. The Family Journal, 18(4), pp.443-447. Silverton, S. (2012). The mindfulness breakthrough. London: Watkins Pub. Wallace, C. (2013). Promoting Shifts in Preservice Science Teachers Thinking through Teaching and Action Research in Informal Science Settings. J Sci Teacher Educ, 24(5), pp.811-832. Williams, C. (2012). Overcoming anxiety, stress, and panic. London: Hodder Arnold. Wilson, C., Gandolfi, S., Dudley, A., Thomas, B., Tapp, J. and Moore, E. (2013). Evaluation of anger management groups in a high-security hospital. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 23(5), pp.356-371. Young, M. and Kleist, D. (2010). The Relationship Process in Healthy Couple Relationships: A Grounded Theory. The Family Journal, 18(4), pp.338-343.

BBS Piracy And The Copyright Essays - File Sharing,

BBS Piracy And The Copyright Recently, The Toronto Star published an article entitled RCMP seizes BBS, piracy charges pending. The RCMP have possessed all computer components belonging to the "90 North" bulletin board system in Montreal, Quebec. The board is accused of allowing end-users the opportunity to download (get) commercial and beta (not marketed, test) software. After a four month investigation, the RCMP seized ten micro-computers and seven modems. In addition, they found software applications of major corporations valued at a sum of approximately $25,000.00 (It is estimated that $200 million dollars are lost in revenues from software piracy, according to the Canadian Alliance Against Software Theft {CANST}). For a fee of $49/year, the user was enabled to download such software as WordPerfect, Microsoft DOS,Windows, Lotus, Borland C++, dBase IV, and IBM LAN which are all copyrighted by The Canadian Copyright Act. The RCMP acted in response to concern from the users who stated that they were not sure whether this software could be distributed electronically. Yves Roy, sergeant of RCMP stated that charges will be laid in early December under paragraph 42 of The Copyright Act. Conviction under this act carries a maximum punishment of a fine of $1 million dollars, and/or 5 years imprisonment. Because newspaper articles are very biased in one point-of- view, it is difficult to look at both sides of this situation. But let us discuss piracy in a more general manner. Software piracy is the act in which someone takes a copyrighted portion or whole of software, then electronically copies and/or distributes it, with or without modification of any sort. The software is distributed to other people and/or organizations who financially or otherwise charge/trade for the software's use, and lacking authority or permission from the company or person in which the software is copyrighted by. According to the article, the "90 North" BBS satisfies the software piracy definition and is therefore guilty of the act. The BBS is further liable if the software companies decide to file law suites against them. This is all fairly evident, but we need to ask ourselves whether The Copyright Act and its punishments are fair for modern society. To answer this question, we need to look at piracy and how it affects the world as a whole. One may wonder how "90 North" makes its money. Just to stay at a break even point, it needs 2,500 members! The answer is that the BBS does not buy the software from retailers. It buys the software from "pirate/cracking groups" such as The Humble Guys (THG), International Network of Crackers (INC), National Elite Underground Alliance (NEUA), Software Exchange (SEX), Public Enemy (PE), etc. (most of the groups are deal in the U.S. only). But how do these organizations get their software? From various places around the world such as Europe, the pirate groups pay people who work in software companies to send them commercial or beta software. Then the pirate groups hire "crackers" (people who alter the program's code) to un-copy-protect the software. Once this is done, the pirate groups ask various U.S. BBS's to pay them for this un-copy-protected software. Then, as you already know, the BBS asks the end-user for an annual fee to have access to the BBS. So, for an individual to risk his job for a fast buck, many people are able to get software at much of a discount. Canadians, however, are far luckier than the United States. Canadian pirate BBS's have a policy "you get as much as you give" (at various ratios), meaning that the amount of software you give to the board, is the amount of software (in bytes) you may receive; and no fee is required. As software gets bumped from one BBS to another in the states, it eventually makes it way up into Canada, where BBS users have the opportunity to get commercial software simply by giving the board other software. So what does all this activity tell us? This tells us the people are willing to go to great lengths to get software at a lower cost, or possibly in exchange for other software and are succeeding in their efforts. Although more than 50% of their income is from other companies which do not pirate, this posses a problem for the software industries. By fining a single bulletin board out of the thousands in North America, there would be little accomplished. Not to mention the fact the it is extremely difficult to prove and convict people under the copyright act. This is how the scene

Free Essays on Soldiers Home

In the short story â€Å"Soldier’s Home† by Ernest Hemingway, Harold Krebs is a lonely, almost purposeless man who has returned home from war. In the short story â€Å"The Eighty-Yard Run† by Irwin Shaw, Christian Darling is a married ex-football player now living in New York. These two men have many similarities in their lives as well as some differences. Krebs and Darling both had some very close similarities. First, both stories took place during the1920’s. Krebs and Darling both played in some type of field. One was a football field, the other was a battlefield. They both had an interest in women, to say the least. The saddest similarity these two men had was that they both seemed so terribly lonely and complacent after their days on the field. Often, both Krebs and Darling sat at home and let life slip by as they reflected on their past. Krebs would enjoy sitting on his porch at home and watching the young women walk down the street. After losing his job, Darling enjoyed sitting at home drinking and staring at his wife’s paintings that he disliked. I felt badly that both of these men chose to live their lives like that. These men also had some things in their lives that were very different. Darling seemed to have advanced a little farther in life than Krebs. He played football and graduated from Princeton; he also had a rich girlfriend who was very much in love with him. He went on to get a job with her fathers’ company and married his college girlfriend, Louise. He also moved out of his home-town and ended up living in New York City. After Harold’s days in the field, he continued living at home without a job. He seemed very interested in girls but not in actually pursuing them. Harold seemed to want everything to be as simple as possible after fighting in the war. He didn’t really seem to have any motivation. But, Krebs did have a closer relationship than Darling with his immediate family; although at times he ... Free Essays on Soldiers Home Free Essays on Soldiers Home In the short story â€Å"Soldier’s Home† by Ernest Hemingway, Harold Krebs is a lonely, almost purposeless man who has returned home from war. In the short story â€Å"The Eighty-Yard Run† by Irwin Shaw, Christian Darling is a married ex-football player now living in New York. These two men have many similarities in their lives as well as some differences. Krebs and Darling both had some very close similarities. First, both stories took place during the1920’s. Krebs and Darling both played in some type of field. One was a football field, the other was a battlefield. They both had an interest in women, to say the least. The saddest similarity these two men had was that they both seemed so terribly lonely and complacent after their days on the field. Often, both Krebs and Darling sat at home and let life slip by as they reflected on their past. Krebs would enjoy sitting on his porch at home and watching the young women walk down the street. After losing his job, Darling enjoyed sitting at home drinking and staring at his wife’s paintings that he disliked. I felt badly that both of these men chose to live their lives like that. These men also had some things in their lives that were very different. Darling seemed to have advanced a little farther in life than Krebs. He played football and graduated from Princeton; he also had a rich girlfriend who was very much in love with him. He went on to get a job with her fathers’ company and married his college girlfriend, Louise. He also moved out of his home-town and ended up living in New York City. After Harold’s days in the field, he continued living at home without a job. He seemed very interested in girls but not in actually pursuing them. Harold seemed to want everything to be as simple as possible after fighting in the war. He didn’t really seem to have any motivation. But, Krebs did have a closer relationship than Darling with his immediate family; although at times he ...

DNRC Senrio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

DNRC Senrio - Essay Example Lastly, recommendations on how to avoid the threats and risks will be made so as to ensure the event is carried out successful. In organizing the Democratic Republican National Convention, review of threats from the top to the bottom is key in evaluating how resources are supposed to be distributed and the level of workforce to be distributed to combat each threat. By DRNC being positioned to take place in Miami, Florida, quite a lot in regard to preparation of the event had to be taken into account. By having Major Waren plus other divisions in charge of planning the event, he has to ensure that all is in place before the major event(Harrison, 2010). Based on his assessment of the area, Major Waren would have come up with the following threats that can affect the Democratic Republican National Convention from that which can pose the highest risk to the least. Top in the threats likely to occur in the event is the issue of a hurricane disrupting the event. Since the event is scheduled to take place in August, which is mostly known to harbor very bad hurricanes, careful assessment of the risk involved has to made in order to assess whether it will be worthwhile carrying out the event or not. Hurricanes are natural disasters that pose great risk when they occur. In such a situation, the risk of a hurricane occurring on that day can be only be found from the metrologist department some weeks before the event. Hurricanes pose threat to infrastructure and human lives and can result to huge damage(Harrison, 2010). Based on the positioning of the event, hurricanes can result in extensive damage as it can cause disruption of the airplane system, cause certain planes to crash, result in heavy traffic, cause uprooting of houses and even the venue infrastructure. Another threat likely to occur in the event that has high consequence is the event of a terrorist attack(Harrison, 2010). In having a convention that harbors

Effect of the World Wars on Canada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Effect of the World Wars on Canada - Essay Example Social Impacts of First and Second World War: Canada has been put into form by wars more than anyone could have realized it. The wars created the modern Canada, removing all kinds of traditions and memories of a â€Å"divided national identity†. Attitude of Canadians towards war was based on historical experience (Morton, 1999, pp. ix-x). The First World War had led to overwhelming changes in the social structure of Canada. The sacrifices and compromises that the average Canadians had to make called for new social order intending for emergence of peace. Groups of labor, women, farmers, churches and political parties all had developed their plans and programs for bringing in changes (Guest, 1997, pp. 49-50) Several social reforms were stimulated by the war. Pension issues, healthcare were some areas which were given special attention. In the field of social welfare, the profession of social work emerged out of liberal individualism. However keeping problems of divided jurisdiction at one side, the administrative problems aggravated by federal government’s failure to contribute to costs. Unemployment relief policy was largely developed at the municipal level, resulting in administrative procedures and policies differing from place to place with absence of standards in the level of aids (Guest, 1997, pp.50-85). Thus impacts of the war could be felt. As it can be understood that War and Society has a deep rooted connection and hence greater impacts are bound to occur on the societal issues when such World War affects or impacts countries individually (Keshen & Durflinger, 2007). However, as in the case of Canada, the effects have not been negative completely. The Second World War to o had a reflective effect on the social structure of Canada. The most rigorous crisis of unemployment got ended and the standards of living were raised for a large number of people in Canada. More significantly, the process of â€Å"industrialization† and â€Å"urbanization† progressed with greater rapidity. Production capacity of industries was stretched and superiority and intricacy of industrial processes also increased. The war had an overwhelming effect on the federal government as a whole. It became one of the largest employers of labor. The war saw several women responding to convene of the war and shedding their homemakers’ role to join the labor force. However with respect to Fordist estimates, the white male enjoyed better privileges than the women. Many women from Poland were brought into Canada and they represented the modern and educated women folk of tomorrow. Unemployment of the country decreased, and personal income and provincial income started increasing (Sangster, 2007, p. 472). As the war had ended with a sound financial form, even problems of agricultural surpluses also were removed. There was also a realization among the governments that social services were not only a luxury, but a crucial item in the smooth functioning during wartimes (Guest, 1997, pp.103-104; Francis, Jones, and Smith, 2007). Thus comparing the effects of the two world wars, it can be seen that the Second World War had bigger positive social impacts on the country. Political Impacts of First and Second World War: The political impact of the First World War formed or enlarged some divisions in the community. Before the year 1914, Canadians who resided in the western region of Canada had to consume products by paying much higher prices than those who were living in the country’s central and eastern regions. Price gaps also existed in the provinces that were existent for long times. By the year 1920s, the western and the eastern regions had div ided in terms of prices. According to sources, inflation was prevailing during and after the war, which led to high price ranges on consumable

Supply chain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Supply chain - Essay Example (2003) posit to the effect that there are many benefits that can be derived from outsourcing logistics operations in large companies such as cost savings, increased quality as well as enabling the organization to concentrate on its core business. There are high chances that an organization would save costs from implementing this strategy since it will be in a position to employ a reasonable number of workers to perform the work related to logistics operations. The suppliers can charge relatively low prices for performing the tasks related to logistics operations. The suppliers also have special equipment and transport that can be used to perform various tasks related to supply and logistics in the operations of the company. The other benefit is that the company will be in a better position to concentrate on its core business through outsourcing activities such as supply and logistics to other third parties. This improves its efficiency as well since it will focus on its main business. The company also stands better chances to enjoy increased quality of products and services it offers through hiring people with knowledge and experience in performing the task. Specialised and experienced people are likely to be hired to perform that tasks related to supply and this is beneficial to the company. However, there are certain risks that are likely to be encountered if a company outsources its logistics operations to a third party. There is likely to be loss of knowledge experienced in the company since all tasks related to logistics and supply will be done by an outsider leaving little room for the employees to gain knowledge about logistic operations in their own company. This may also lead to low employee morale since they will be expected to be followers in the company. The other risk likely to be encountered is related to the aspect of quality. Quality can be compromised if the suppliers do not have quality equipment to execute the tasks they would be expected to