Consciousness Of The Competitive Business Rivals Business Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 14 Words: 4294 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Business firms these days , are ever conscious of the competition they have to face from rivals offering similar products. In the process they are on a constant look out to differentiate their brand and product with anything that can carve out a segment for themselves. Customer segment retention has become a very huge challenge that, with the ever expanding market with multiple players, distinction or a change in strategy is the prime focus of the managements. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Consciousness Of The Competitive Business Rivals Business Essay" essay for you Create order (W.Chan Kim) It has often been argued that a structuralist approach is only applicable in favorable environments where there are enough resources for an organization to achieve a competitive advantage. But, when it comes to an industry where the conditions are unfavorable, the approach could not be right. Instead, another approach like reconstructionist approach could be used. (W.Chan Kim) In this dissertation, we discuss some of the strategies and the impact on their structures and performances of some of the companies which have been listed in the fortune 500 list, 2009. Chapter 2 Literature Review Our analysis of this aspect chiefly revolves around the following set of questions. How can an organization continuously adapt  its structure to the ever changing consumer needs? In the process, what impact can it have on the strategy to ensure sustained organizational growth and performance? What is the role of competitors in the decision making process of th e company pertaining to structural changes? How can an organization ensure that there is consistency in adapting to the changed structure across all the business operating units taking into consideration the changing internal laws and the culture? As said above, we majorly focus on the structural/strategical changes of the 5 companies that we have taken as case studies on the basis of the above three questions. How can an organization continuously adapt its structure to the ever changing consumer needs? In the process, what impact can it have on the strategy to ensure sustained organizational growth and performance? Every industry has its own set of limitations and looks for opportunities to cash in. Let us consider the case of Information Technology sector. IT sector took a whole new turn with the concept of off shoring. Off shoring basically means awarding the contracts to manage the IT systems in the organization to places where the cost of labor is relatively cheaper when compared to the home country. This brought about a revolution and the developing economies immediately looked to cash in on the opportunity. Lots of countries opened up their markets by deregulation of economic policies, reduced land rates for companies willing to invest in their countries etc. So this was a major strategical change as far as the IT sector is concerned. We shall take the case of Accenture which is a fortune 500 company expanding globally and is known for its aggressive strategy making. But before that, lets take a brief look at its history. Accenture Accenture is a fortune 500 global company which is headquartered in Hamilton, Bermuda. Its operations basically involve global management consulting, technology and outsourcing services. One of their missions is to deliver innovation to their clients in terms of the solutions they provide, and contributing to the clients businesses by making them cost effective. The company divides its operations into five main groups which are as follows: Communications and high technology Financial Services Public Service Products Resources (Accenture.com) IT Industry and major developments in the recent past The need for businesses to increase efficiency and reduce costs has helped the IT sector grow at a phenomenal rate in the last couple of years. IT consulting is a highly competitive business where there is a need for innovation and effective solutions. One of the biggest threats to the bigger companies in this field is the phenomenal rise in the number of players in the market. The other challenge that this industry faces is the ever changing needs. A version of software cannot sustain in the market for a really long time. We see versions getting released over a simple piece of software. Hence, it would be an additional burden on the companies sometimes to train their employees according to the change in versions. Accenture Strategies Accentures business model is supposed to revolve around the following two main pillars : 1)Service Delivery Model (SDM) : SDM essentially consists of the following : Global Delivery entre Network which consists of 40 delivery centers around the globe providing technology and outsourcing services. Teams of professionals who are skilled enough to understand and are extremely client focused. Standard Processes, tools to enhance productivity. (Jean-Paul Thommen) 2) Changing Workforce Model CWM structure essentially means segregation of the workforce into the following layers Consulting Workforce Solutions Workforce Services Workforce Enterprise Workforce The following strategies have been adopted by Accenture ever since the Enron scandal broke out: Just like the other players in the IT sector, Accenture is expanding to emerging economies and pursuing and making the fullest use of its outsourcing operations. Accenture has laid a prime focus on volume/efficiency and over the last decade or so, it has experienced astronomical increase in the number of employees. This, in a way has lead to decrease in the knowledge productivity and has led to more stress on adherence to processes. This, in a way, has further brought down scope for innovation which is supposed to be the prime brand promise of the company. Accentures strategy is pretty plain and simple these days Hire more people to improve the turn over of the company.(Report Buyer) Accenture has always believed in enable its employees to innovate on solutions and this has been its major differentiator from others in the market. In this way, Accenture feels that employee retention will not be a problem.(Accenture.com) However, with the rising number of employees each year, stress would be more on policy and process adherence than actually giving the employees the required freedom to innovate on solutions. Accenture Corporate Structure The corporate structure of Accenture is a direct reflection of its core competencies. In terms of consulting, Accenture primarily addresses business management and IT issues. It is during this stage that individual solution strategies are chalked out with the client. This involves identifying strategic potential and and analyzing how processes like customer relationship management/logistics can be optimized. Accenture and its response to ever changing consumer needs The following developments can be talked about in the company in the last 5 -10 years. The competition in the IT industry has increased so much that every player in the field has to look out for a differentiating factor to enable them to have a competitive advantage over others. For Accenture, it is Innovation to its employees and Extreme Quality deliverables to its clients. In the process of facilitating quality oriented and effective solutions to its clients, Accenture has tied up with the major business solution providers like Oracle, SAP. The prime idea is to work closely with these companies and have a closer look at the R and D processes there. The R and D and Innovation centers are located all over the world and are still expanding Accenture has realized that quality can be a very major differentiating factor and has aligned its internal processes extremely client oriented. Some of the examples include strict adherence to coding standards, documentation pat terns etc. It is not very surprising that any employee can find relevant documentation on various technologies, thanks to the vigorous documentation standards followed. Accenture Role of Competitors in the decision making process of the company Major competitors of Accenture include IBM, Cap Gemini, CSC to name a few. Competitors play a very major role in the decision making process of the company in terms of internal processes and also in terms of the way the clients are generally dealt with. Accenture believes that it is only a very strong and skilled workforce that can ensure better deliverables to the clients. Entry level employees would have to go through close to 500 hours of rigorous training and are trained on various processes/technologies. This is the differentiation it tries to make as far far as beating competitors is concerned. Apart from developing a highly skilled workforce, Accenture also focuses on Business Consulting, which is their prime revue generator. Accenture Consistency in structure implementation across business units Accenture has a firm strategy of adapting very quickly to the changed strategies. Lets take the case of India, its major outsourcing projects destination. Accenture has so well beaten the onslaught of Indian IT service providers like TCS, Infosys that even its competitors like IBM, EDS are trying to emulate the off shoring business model flowed by Accenture in India. The fact that at least 40000 of the employees out of the total 1,60,000 employees will be in India is indicative of the aggression with which Accenture follows its business model Low cost and greater effectively. Hence, to sum it all up, Accenture has largely been successful due to its incredible outsourcing strategy, which involves rapid adaption to the country to which the works have been outsourced to. It is this quick Brand Coca Cola Coca-Cola Enterprises, established in 1986, is a young company by the standards of the Coca-Cola system. Yet each of its franchises has a strong heritage in the traditions of Coca-Cola that is the foundation for this Company. The Coca-Cola Company traces its beginning to 1886, when an Atlanta pharmacist, Dr. John Pemberton , began to produce Coca-Cola syrup for sale in fountain drinks. However the bottling business began in 1899 when two Chattanooga businessmen, Benjamin F. Thomas and Joseph B. Whitehead , secured the exclusive rights to bottle and sell Coca-Cola for most of the United States from The Coca-Cola Company. Beverages Industry Major developments in the recent years Barbara Mooray(2006) explains in her book For years the story in the nonalcoholic sector centered on the power struggle betweenÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦Coke and Pepsi. But as the pop fight has topped out, the industrys giants have begun relying on new product flavorsÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦and looking to noncarbonated beverages for growth. The market size of this industry has been rapidly changing. It would be surprising to note that soft drink industry constitutes only 46.8 % of the non alcoholic beverages industry. Data Monitor(2009) found that the total market value of soft drinks reached about $500 billion. Further in 2008, the total soft drink value was 435637.3 litres. This clearly illustrates the fact that soft drink industry is extremely lucrative with a lot of scope for high profits but the fight to capture major share of the market is still on and doesnt seem to end any sooner. The soft drink industry is majorly dominated by three players in the world . Coke which boasts of a market share up to 50%. Pepsico which has a market share of close to 21% Cadbury Schwepps which holds a share of 7%. (Murray, 2006) According to Coca Cola Annual report, 2009, it has the most bottle sales which is close to $22 billion. The Coke product line basically consists of products like Coke, Fanta, Diet Code, Burqs etc. PepsiCo comes next which has a sale of $18 billion, PepsiCos product line consists of Pepsi, Slice and Mountain Dew which make up for more than a quarter of its sales.(PepsiCo Inc, 2009). On the other hand, Cadbury Schweppes had a sale volume of close to $6 billion with a product line consisting of soft drinks such as AW Root Beer, Canada beer, and Dr. Pepper (Cadbury Schweppes, 2009) Coca Cola is currently the best selling soft drink in the world with Pepsi following behind, It is a known fact that the company has seen double digit growth rates over the last few years (Wikipedia). The only place where Coke isnt the rule r is probably the middle east but figures indicate that it is picking up there as well (Wikipedia). Competitive Forces for Coca Cola Company Players in the soft drink industry face very stiff competition from their rivals, owing to the fact that every drink is replaceable to a large extent with one of the drinks in their rival product offerings. Hence, every decision made in this sector particularly, is influenced by their rivals strategies. Substitute products can be the right word to be used in this particular context to describe the competition faced. Although Coca Cola, PepsiCo and Cadbury Schweppes are the major players in the market, the fact that they are very well established worldwide which increases the competition in the market. Coca Cola has always believed in adopting a differentiation strategy from the days of its inception. A case in point is Woodruff (President of Coke) refusing to match Pepsis 6 cent 12 ounce bottle (Pendergrast, 2000). Coke Adaptation to changing industry and consumer needs The first question that should be posed to ourselves before we can start this research is Why do people drink Cola? Cola, as with other drinks is taken to reduce the thirst in the body. But the fact is, consumers can drink water as well to do that. So, what exactly does Cola give to a person apart from eradicating the thirst factor. Is it something to do with emotional satisfaction that one gets out of drinking it? It can be noted that drinking Cola can be called as a want more than a need. Since all the brands taste alike, it is up to the companies as to how they position their brands in the consumers minds. Coca-Cola hopes to create a differentiation in the soft drink segment by a strong, loyal customer base. In the process, it has brought out various products from time to time to cater to specific segments. The major strategy of Coke was to differentiate their products into two types: Caffeine drinks Diet drinks. It was often thought that one of the major threa ts of the cola market was the lemon-lime sector which was gaining strength in the mid 90s around the world. However, Coke came up with Sprite to literally diminish the effects of the lime and lemon markets. Sprite has been giving so much competition to 7 Up that Cadbury Schweppes has to re formulate the drink to make it more sweeter and crisper. Coke has catered to diet conscious consumer segment as well by coming up with an amazing product line which consists of diet coke and a couple of other drinks. Diet Coke is thought about as a product which is low on calories and thereby very healthy when compared the regular coca cola which is believed to have a very high sugar content. Coke Influence of Competitors As discussed above, one of the major competitors of Coke is PepsiCo. Both the companies have been in a virtual war since early 90s to get a hold over the Cola Market. Both the companies have been trying to outperform each other in the form of brand image enhancement techniques/advertising campaigns. Pepsi came up with Pepsi Challenge where the consumers were blind folded and asked to choose which of the drinks was better Pepsi or Coke. Most of the consumers chose Pepsi over Coke which turned out to be a major jolt for Coke in its attempts of market capture. Market share of Pepsi jumped to 14 % from a paltry 6 %. Pepsi was ruling the roost then. Coke came up with similar tests which gave them more disastrous results. Consumers still preferred Pepsi over Coke. By 1979, Pepsi had a market share of 17.9 % and was closing in on the 23% share that Coke had. By 1989, Coke had only 2.9 % lead while its grocery store market was trailing. The management unanimously ordered for the remova l of old coke from the market. Marketing department of Coke figured out that only 12 % of the consumers showed loyalty coke compared to 18% of that of Pepsi. Market Research proved that there needed to be a major revamp with regards to the taste. Samples which were more sweeter and crisper were rolled out into the market and tests were conducted on the consumers. Consumers gave a thumping response saying that the new taste was much better than Pepsi and the old Coke. However, removal of the old formula evoked widespread protests from various corners of the country. So, the management decided to keep the old classic coke and produce the new coke. Similarly, the rolling out of Sprite much later saw to it that Coke didnt lose out because of the entry of the lemon lime club. Coke Consistency in adapting to the changed structure Coke has recently seen a lot of changes to its structure, thanks to globalization and its impact on the business world. Coke has a more decentralized process of decision making now unlike the past. As can be easily said the main departments, that is marketing and production have to work hand in hand to make sure that they counter their competitors and come up with a brilliant output. Hence, ensuring consistency across all the business operating units was never an issue with coke. Brand Wal Mart About Wal-Mart is an American corporation which runs a large group of departmental stores which offer bulk discounts and a chain of warehouse stores. Wal-Mart is also the largest private employer and the largest grocery retailer in the United States of America. Wal-Mart operates under its own name in the United States, operates in Mexico as Walmex, in the United Kingdom as Asda in Japan as Seiyu, and in India as Best Price. Wal-Marts investments outside North America have had mixed results: its operations in the United Kingdom, South America and China are highly successful, while it was forced to pull out of Germany and South Korea when ventures there were unsuccessful. Wal-Mart was rated to be the most revenue generating private organization in the Forbes list 2010. Some of the major operations of Wal-Mart include -Wal-Mart stores, US - Walmart discount stores -Walmart Supercenter - Neighbourhood market by Walmart - Supermercado de Wal-mart - Sams club - Wa lmart International Wal-Mart : Strategies Wal-Mart implements a low cost-high volume strategy. The strategy aims at customer satisfaction and at the same time providing the customer a good experience. Some of the basic strategies followed by Wal-Mart are as follows Low Cost Wal-Mart is known to have lower operating expenses than the industry average. This comes from the fact that Wal-mart has superior distribution capability which is in turn due to perfect location of the stores, warehouses, cross docking and superior information management. High Volume Wal-Mart offers low prices for its good, combined with their lower operating costs. This clearly illustrates the fact that the strategy is to grab a larger volume using mass segmentation. Customer Satisfaction Low Prices coupled with advanced data management techniques and motivated staff gives overall satisfaction to the customers than any other discount retailers. In addition to this, Wal-Mart is a one stop solution for a wide range of products. In the word s of Sam Walton, CEO,Wal-Marts aims at creating a loyal customer base by lowering their cost of living through offering quality and other products at significantly lower prices, while surprising them on the convenience and service level side. Perfect way to gauge the companys strategy of mass market segmentation. Wal-Mart acquired enough volume through extremely strategi consideration of locations which were away from competition. Wal-Mart Changing consumer needs As discussed above, Wal-Mart has a basic strategy of offering the essentials to the consumers at highly discounted rates. It is an evident fact that Wal-Mart is retail outlet offering all that are needs to the consumers. Wal-Mart follows a strategy of of focusing on the sale of popular products and discontinuing with the sale of not so popular ones. It includes pressurizing the manufacturers of the popular products to have contract with them in order to have a cost cutting mechanism as well as an efficient distribution system. Since the focus is more on sale of popular products which the consumer endorses, there need not be any special efforts needed to adapt to the changing consumer needs as such. Emphasis has to be laid on identification of the popular products in different segments. Wal- mart Competitors and effects Competition is definitely fierce among the discount retailers. Of the top 15 discount stores of 2001, at least three declared bankruptcy during the recent economic meltdown. The reasons were pretty much obvious. Lack of differentiation strategy when it came to product offerings. Extremely volume driven strategies that were aimed at grabbing the market share even if it were at the cost of denting the profits made by the organization. Wal-Mart has focused on the following aspects to beat the competitors around it Distribution Capabilities The distribution network of Wal-Mart is massive and is very difficult to replicate by any other existing discount in the market. Especially, when it comes to the efficient utilization of electronic linkage of sales and inventory information using sophisticated ERP systems, Wal-Mart are irreplaceable. Supplier Relations Wal-Mart has fostered its relations with its suppliers over the years and it is extremely difficult for other retai lers to enjoy such relations with the suppliers for 2 reasons Wal-Marts competitors cannot offer the volume of goods that it can offer to the suppliers. In addition, Wal -Mart beats the other retailers in the compensation offered to its suppliers because it reaps savings in the cost operated areas. Advanced IT Systems Wal-Marts IT systems are very advanced and aid the supply chain structure very effectively. Wal-Mart constantly upgrades its systems to remain up-to-date. Wal-Mart : Structural Changes and adaption to business units It is a known fact that Wal-Mart has been hugely successful in the US market. The overall strategy of offering lower prices can be applicable anywhere in the world and hence, Wal-Marts competitive advantages can be transferred abroad as well. This can be very well known from the fact that the number of stores of Wal-Mart outside US has gone up to 1200 (as compared to 600 in the year 2005). The number of stores in the US is 1647. However, there were cases where Wal-Mart could not successfully assimilate a similar strategy in countries like China, Japan and South Korea due to the following reasons Differences between Wal-Mart and the local suppliers over the compensations. Volume not arriving at the right time. Partnerships of the local retailers with the suppliers, confining the suppliers to have only limited agreements with Wal-Mart. Differences in consumer preferences which were totally against the pre-conceived strategies of Wal-Mart especially in countries like China . Difference in consumer purchasing habits. The Dell Revolution Dell was founded in the year 1984 by Micheal Dell. Michealo Dell is also known to be the longest serving CEO ever. Ever since Dell entered the Chinese market and began to re-structure itself after choosing a unique marketing strategy, the sales rocketed. Dells direct sales model, collaborative supply chain, direct service and efficient marketing system made it a global leader in the field of computer manufacturing by giving it an unparalleled competitive advantage. Dell Ever changing consumer needs Dell has always believed that the best way it can take a good share of the a market I by getting as closer to the consumers as possible. Ever since the late 80s when the industry was going through a lot of economical and technological changes, Dell was at the forefront of adapting to them. First by establishing the Internet infrastructure for booking/orders related activities it was able to increase its customer base from existing markets. Using the same infrastructure it was able to carry out its marketing strategies in new offices as well. Notebooks and desktops account for almost 80% of the revenue generation for Dell Computers. The company drives nearly two thirds of its business from large businesses and government entities. Corporate customers include Ford Motor Company, Boeing, and international giant Deutsche Bank Half of the sales came from PCs which had Intel 80386 microprocessor. Dell also integrated its file server with UNIX operating system. In order to get closer to customers needs, Dell opened up offices in every part of North America and Europe. Dell- Competitors and their impact On of the major strategies of Dell was to beat the competition by collaborations. Dell takes pride in actually collaborating with corporations to diversify its technological base unlike its competitors who like HP who went on an acquisition spree in order to eliminate competition. For instance, Dells collaboration with Xerox Corporation as a provider of printing products and services was an addition to the list of comprehensive business services that Dell offered. Dell believes in global collaboration and not just industry specific collaboration. Dell has offices in all parts of the world just to stay closer to the consumers and be able to capture the niche market. Every office has freedom to act independently but at the end of the day, they are wholly accountable for the results. Dell has never taken a comparison mode when it came to promotions and marketing. Even if you look at the advertisements, it can be observed that they only try to make the consumers aware of the tech nological benefits they would gather out of a particular product rather than what they would not get our of heir competitors products. The idea essentially was to project a virtual home with a dynamic wifi and an extremely jovial environment for those who use Dell products. Some of the tag lines also include I will make my PC make m stereo run for its life. Hence, the essence was to integrate different technologies into a single desktop and market the product in a Be direct way. BIBLIOGRAPHY Management Consulting Today Jean- Paul Thommon Pendergrast, M. (2000). For God, Country and Coca-Cola: The Definitive History of the Great American Soft Drink and the Company That Makes It. Basic Books.

Leadership The Meaning And The Definition - 2024 Words

Leadership - The Meaning and the Definition By Shaun Swilling | Submitted On November 07, 2014 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Shaun Swilling Leadership is the foundation on which countries are built, how our businesses are run and how our sport is played. This essay will briefly look at the various definitions of leadership and what successful leadership styles are needed to achieve a specific objective. Generally all leaders are always able to articulate or define an objective and achieve a specific goal. Leaders achieve that goal or objective that has been set by managing to persuade others to help in achieving that objective. The same way a captain of a sports team would have the ultimate objective of winning the game or match played between the two sides. The role of leadership is vital to managers and supervisors in the business world. It is just as important for success when coaching or teaching as well as parenting which has now conclusively proven to be an effective way of changing an adult. Leadership is a broad concept and there is no generally accepted definition of what leadership is. However if we were going to be defining what a leader is then weShow MoreRelatedThe Philosophy Of Azure College A Nursing Institution1159 Words   |  5 Pagesto. In this paper, the philosophy of Azure College a nursing institution will be examined which is based on to inspire, to prepare and to empower students for meaningful work, fulfilling lives and leadership in a constantly healthcare changing. 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The Origins of Sociology Free Essays

FK8R 34 Sociology A: Introduction to Sociology Alisha Walsh In the mid 1800’s, French author Auguste Comte came up with the term â€Å"sociology†. Although previous philosophers, historians and political thinkers had studied and tried to make sense of their societies, this was when it began to develop as a distinctive science. Comte grew up in a time of great social and political upheaval. We will write a custom essay sample on The Origins of Sociology or any similar topic only for you Order Now As the world rapidly changed, he and others began to study the societies they lived in. He sought to create a science of society that could explain the laws of the social world just as science explained the functioning of the physical world. (Giddens 2006:11) Throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth century political revolutions occurring throughout Europe, the Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution all lead to previously unseen changes in many societies. The French Revolution of 1789 meant that monarchs of Europe came under severe scrutiny. Subjects began to question their â€Å"divine right† to rule. Ideas of individuals’ rights and their say in how society was run emerged. Political parties and social reform quickly followed. Great scientific discoveries formed a perspective of looking to science and reason to answer questions about the natural and social world. People were turning away from the church, religion and superstition for these answers. The Industrial Revolution 1780-1800 had a profound effect on Britain and laterally Europe. Almost all aspects of life were changed as people became part of the factory system. People moved from rural areas and agricultural jobs to towns where social life was more impersonal and anonymous. They began to work by a clock instead of the rhythms of the season. Traditional values and roles were dropped as new ones evolved. To study Sociology, one must have what C. Wright Mills called a â€Å"sociological imagination†. Sociological thinking and imagination requires us to remove ourselves from our everyday lives and experience, and look at them differently. Only then can we realise that individual experience can actually reflect larger issues. He emphasised the difference between â€Å"personal troubles of millue† and â€Å"public issues of social structure†(Mills 2000 :5) This means that the sociological imagination allows us to see that public issues such as war, marriage, the economy, urbanisation etc, can affect the individual as well as personal circumstance and experiences. â€Å"The sociological imagination enables us to grasp history and biography and the relations between the two. That is its task and its promise. †(Mills 2000:2) He stated that sociologists must ask three crucial questions: What is the structure of this particular society? Where does this society stand in human history? What varieties of men and women prevail in this society and in the coming period? (Mills 200:3) He believed that as individuals these questions would help us make sense of our own place and experience in the society we live in and identify its structures and characteristics. He also stated that â€Å"they are the questions inevitably raised by any mind possessing the sociological imagination. For that imagination is the capacity to shift form one perspective to another†. The sociological imagination allows us to be analytical and critical of the world and to look at the bigger picture. There are many sociological theories which attempt to explain how society works. They provide a framework for explaining social behaviour. They find the relation between individuals, groups and society. These theories can be put into two broad categories, macro theories and micro theories. Macro theories such as Functionalism and Marxism look to explaining behaviour through the notion of social structures and look at society holistically. Macro theories tend to use quantitive research when a social theory or model is being explored. Data has to be measurable and proccessed mathematically (surveys) to provide unbiased results that can be measured, compared and related to large parts of society (Amit B. Marvasti 2004:7). Micro theories such as social action and symbolic interaction look at individual behaviour and how small scale interactions shape society. Micro theories use qualitive research methods, concentrating on smaller groups but providing more detailed analysis and descriptions of human experience. The experiment can be based around a theory and results are recorded as detailed, narrative descriptions as opposed to numerical codes found in quantitive research (Amit B. Mavasti 2004:10) Functionalism analyses how social structures explain behaviour. Interdependent parts of society have to function together to create a whole system. Biological or mechanical analogies are often used. Functionalism emphasises integration, harmony, stability and continuity. It is a positive perspective that views even tragedies or inequality as serving a function in society. McClelland2001:1) It looks at society as a whole and is good at explaining the persistence of social phenomena (anomie). Marxism also focuses on social structures but is a conflict theory. Society is made up of infrastructure and superstructure. This structure is based on the inequality of distribution of production and causes conflict. It recognises different power interests in groups and is good at explaining conflict and chang e ( SparkNotes Editors 2006). Social Action theory emphasises the intentional behaviour of individuals as the cause of social structure. Individuals shape society as a result of intentional individual or group interaction. It concentrates on the meaning of social behaviour and its interpretation by others and is good at explaining small scale interactions. According to Anthony Giddens , good sociology must examine both social structures and social interactions. It is how a fuller understanding of social life is achieved (Giddens2005:25). Socialization, Social order and Social Stratification are three key concepts in sociology that try to explain the relationship between the individual and society. Social order is the way in which societies’ basic requirements are met to exist, how peace and order is maintained. It is obtained formally through laws and through the use of social norms, roles and values. It involves a set of linked structures, institutions and practices that can maintain and enforce conformity and social order (Dr Almog 1998). Functionalist theory views individuals as contributing to social order by happily playing out their occupied roles within social institutions. These roles are guided by the norms and values we learn through socialization and are necessary for society to function (Dr Almog 1998). Marxist theory claims that social order is forced on the individual, norms and values are used by institutions that want to maintain capitalism. They are a way to control the working class (Giddens 2006: 301-302). Social Action theory sees social order as a product of social interactions, symbolic meanings and how they are interpreted by others. The individual is a social actor who will interpret and process social stimuli and makes choices accordingly. Socialization is a lifelong learning process and plays a crucial part in forming our identities. It is the process by which individuals learn the culture of their society† (Haralambos amp; Holborn 2008:3). The important stage of socialization occurs during infancy. The child learns many basic behaviour patterns of its society by responding to the approval or disapproval of their parents and also by copying their example. In western societies, the educational system, religion, the mass media, the occupational group and peer group s are also important in the socialisation process ( Haralambos amp; Holbor2008:3). Functionalist theory believes that socialisation reinforces the social structure and maintains society. That it is functional and beneficial to social order. It transfers culture, norms and values to new generations and integrates individuals into society. It is the social glue that holds society together and helps create a sense of harmony and cooperation (Kent McClelland 2001). Marxism sees socialization as one of the most effective tools of the Bourgeoisie. It legitimises existing social inequalities and prepares the individual for a class related role they will fill indefinitely (SparkNotes Editors 2006). Social Action theory believes socialization is relevant in relation to symbols and their interpretation, the development of social identity and the small scale interactions that shape it. Socialisation helps maintain social order (Cardiff University 2010). Social Stratification is the ranking and ordering of individuals within a society. It is a structured hierarchy which leads to divisions and higher status, wealth and privilege for some groups. Social class is the stratification system found in modern industrial societies like the UK, but it can also occur due to other attributes such as gender, age, religious education or military rank (Giddens 2006:295) Members of a particular strata will share a similar lifestyle and common identity which will to some extent distinguish them from members of other social strata (H amp; H 2008:19) A functionalist perspective of social stratification is that it is based on meritocracy and is therefore an inevitable part of all societies. Talcott Parsons believed that social stratifications are a basic expression of shared values which are an essential part of a functioning society. Social stratification is functional because it integrates various groups in society (Hamp; H2008:21) Marxism regards stratification as a divisive structure rather than an integrated one. It is seen as a mechanism for the ruling class to exploit the subject class, rather than a means of furthering collective goals (H amp; H 2008:27). Various institutions such as legal and political systems are used to dominate the subject class resulting in conflict (H amp; H 2008:28). Social action theory focuses on how a persons’ social standing affects their everyday interactions. According to Max Webber, social stratification not only involves class but also status and party (social status and political power) (Giddens 2006:302-303). Social action theory studies the processes behind stereotypes, mixed interactions and labelling. Its notes how stratification is a way to put people in groups and questions how much power individuals in these groups have to realise their goals (Cardiff University 2010) References Haralambos amp; Holborn (2008) Sociology Themes and Perspectives , 7th Edition, London, Harper Collins Anthony Giddens (2006) Sociology, 5th Edition, Cambridge, Polity Press Amit B. Mavasti (2004) Qualititive Research in Sociology, London, Sage Publications Ltd C. Wright Mills (2000) The Sociological Imagination, 40th Edition, New York , Oxford University Press Inc World Wide Web Page Kent McClelland, Grinnel College 2001 Functionalism (Online) Available: web. grinnel. edu/courses/soc/s00/soc111-01/IntroTheories/Functionalism. tml SparkNotes Editors 2006 Sparknote on Sociology Major Figures (Online) Available: http://www. sparknotes. com/sociology/major-figures/ (Acceseed 31 October 2012) Dr Oz Almog, Electronic Journal of Sociology 1998 The Problem of Social Type: A Review (Online) Available:www. sociology. org/content/vol003. 004/almog. html (Accessed 31 October 2012) Angus Bancroft and Sionead Rogers, Cardiff University 2010 Max Weber-Natural Science, Social Science and Value Rele vance (Online) http://www. cf. ac. uk/socsi/undergraduate/introsoc/weber6. html How to cite The Origins of Sociology, Papers

Surgical Management of Stress Urinary Incontinence

Question: Describe about the Surgical Management of Stress Urinary Incontinence? Answer: Take Responsibility of your anger Taking responsibility of own anger is important for the person to avoid any circumstances that can affect the person that is anger and also to the other person on which the anger is forwarded. It is often found that when a person is not able to control his/her emotion or feelings and badly yells on someone results into breaking of relationship which results major loss for the angered person. Apart from that, the anger that is uncontrolled mostly correlates with physical abuse, emotional abuse, violent behaviour and also crime (Avtgis and Rancer, 2010). Therefore, taking responsibility to control the anger will make the environment better and other person can understand the situation of person. According to the report of Sovereign Health, when someone witness high uncontrollable anger are bounded with various kinds of anger disorders such as self-inflicted anger, overwhelmed anger, volatile anger, judgmental anger, chronic anger and passive anger. Thus, controlling anger will help in protecting oneself from other disease or disorders. The major issues that is related with the anger relates to health issues. According to Bhave and Saini (2009), the health problem can be both long term as wells short term such as headache, increased anxiety, stroke, heart attack, high blood pressure, insomnia, depression, skin problem like eczema and digestion problem like abdominal ache. Therefore, there is a need to have a control and take responsibility over anger and improve the quality of health and be free from such health issues. On the other hand, it is seen that anger not only affect personal life but also hamper their professional life which results into job loss and family breakdown. According to report of Boiling Point Report, UK, anger of people significantly increases stress level. About 70% of adults in UK witness stress at workplace which results in tiredness and low energy, no proper relaxing, problem in sleeping, etc (Black, 2011). Disruption of aim-directed behaviour when time is necessary Helpless Victim Part of physical or verbal assault Badly treated and ignored by other Experience of unfair treatment and helpless to do anything Bad Relationship Continuous drop in performance Treated as weak zone Table 1: Some Reason for Angry Taking hold over anger will make the person to have better control over their mind and body and can be able to tackle different situations that may arise. Moreover, the person will feel less amount of stress and physically fit and can be have stressful communication either with peers, family, friends or workers. The person will be able to understand the situation before it get worsen and the person will able to understand the point of other with clear mind. On the other hand, the person can be successful in building healthy relationship with the peoples that are previously hurt by him (Brenner, Bush and Moses, 2010). Control on anger will calm down the nerves and situation of disputes will be controlled. Thus, it can be understood that taking responsibility will make the life of the person good and will get appreciation from all corners and a person can carry their activities at higher note without falling into disputes or conflicts. Two Consequences in dealing with feelings Physical Harm: The person that is not able to control his/her anger completely when he/she is anger then it can result to physical fight with other party. It is evident that people that do not have control over their unassertiveness or anger tends to raise their hands on the conflicting party in order to prove their point. As an outcome it hurts both the party. Due to such consequences the relation between the members is broken and in future they stop communicating with each other (Davis, 2012). The chances of physical hurt are higher when someone is angry and suffering from anger management. Thus, it is one big consequence that arises from unassertive person. On the other hand, suffering party may face severe health problem which may require high medical cost to get better treatment. The angered person in anger may not be considering in which areas he/she is hitting the person. On the contrary, the person that is anger can get more hit from other party if he/she is much stronger tha n the unassertive person. The conflict between the parties will not only cause physical damage but also there can be loss of property such as personal mobile phones, house/office property, etc (Goodwin, 2011). Therefore, falling into physical fight will make the person depressed after the situation which will directly impact their health and can give rise to high blood pressure, heart problem, headache, etc. The unassertive person may feel loss of good relationship and it can be tough for the person to make the situation right as earlier. No Consideration of other feelings: The people working in the organization can have different feelings and points for the betterment of the organization. If their points are not considered by the senior management or managers then it can make them angry. Moreover, if the person is suffering from anger management then it can give birth to conflict. As a result, the person can use abusive language towards the manager or management (Holbrow, 2013). Further, the person may not bother to listen the valid the points that would have been made by the manger for not considering his points. Being said that, the person may continue with using negative word for the organization which can largely hurt the other members working in the organization. On the other hand, the unethical behaviour of the person may result into sack from the job which can further impact his future life and also his family life. Furthermore, the person may not regard the views and feelings of other that are affected with h is/her behaviour. Apart from that, the unassertive person does not praise the feelings or viewpoints mentioned by the other person instead they give more importance to their points (Krueger, 2009). The unassertive person will not take in account whether the person is getting hurt from his/her comments or not. It is known that when a person is at boiling point then the burst on others and ignores the valid point made by the others and keep on scolding them which results in lack of bonding and negative response and feelings towards that person. Meaning of block, identification and congruence Block: Block as per the counselling terms means to chunk the words, the behaviour or feelings that carrying negative emotion which can hurt other people. It is know that when the person is in anger phase, the person speaks whatever comes to their way. Therefore, it leads a great impact on the intellect of others and in turn they also lose their temper which results in major fights (Peel, 2013). Therefore, the counsellors provide trainings to the people to control their nerves and have control over their emotion so that surrounding people can better relate with them. Therefore, whenever any conflicting situation arises then the person can be able to handle the situation by controlling their thoughts and mind. As a result, the person would be able to communicate with the others and share thoughts and ideas in positive environment. The blockage of negative words or thoughts will enforce a favourable environment and a strong relationship can be build between communicators (Quill, 2009). Therefore, block is a stoppage to forbid any ill-thought or speech to bring happy environment. Identification: Identification means recognizing emotions, patterns of negative thought, understanding the current situation, etc before the situation get worse. Therefore, identification of emotion and mental state situation helps the person to turn the environment into feasible one so that an effective communication channel can be build. Apart from that, indentifying emotion prior it can affect the person life will help in finding solution to control it beforehand. As a result, a person would be able to control their anger and can have effective communication with everyone. On the other hand, Anger et al. (2013) discussed that identification in terms of counselling means identifying the issues that bothers a person to get angry such as pain, injustice, humiliation, failure, etc. Therefore, it provides great support to the counsellors to provide best solution to the sufferers and making their life more enjoyable and satisfactory one. The identification of the emotion will make the p erson less anger and the person will not burst to extreme level on someone rather the person will try to make their points clear in calm and composed manner. Congruence: According to Borsay (2012), congruence means being genuine and be yourself while carrying relationships with anyone. Therefore, the people that are going through the issues of anger management mostly blurt out whatever comes to their way irrespective of who they are talking too. In order to prevent the negative environment, the person communicating with the anger disorder person then the former one has to be genuine about his work and mistakes as telling right and truth will prohibit the later to become angry. On the other hand, Brown and Gerbarg (2012) mentioned that during counselling session the sufferer should speak genuinely about how he/she feels at the time of anger and what are the realisations after calming down and the emotions associated with it. Therefore, it provides valuable details to the counsellors to recommend effective treatment to the person. It is normally found that people suffering anger disorder usually hides their feelings and emotions as they do not want to know people want to know about their anger management issue (Buka, 2013). Facilitating Change and Promoting Positive Thinking In order to understand the behaviour of people that are suffering from anger management, the counsellor has considered five people suffering from such disorder. The purpose of the counsellor is to study and develop effective solution to change the thinking of sufferers. On the other hand, the counsellor have conducted interview with each participants to know their mind state at the time of anger and the prime feelings that are witnessed. The counsellor has found that its the feeling of the people that make them anger which leads to making the environmental situation worse (Cheshin, Glikson and Callister, 2013). Therefore, the counsellor have propounded that changing the thinking process will help the sufferers to control their feelings and emotions. Apart from that, the counsellor has provided an example to the participants of the person that has been benefited from such technique. Due to changing and controlling thinking process the life of the person has improved and is able to fos ter good environment for their family, friends and other colleagues (Cooklin, 2013). The example of counsellors patient has motivated other patients to change the way they think. On the other hand, the counsellor has mentioned that relax would be advantageous for the people to overcome the tensed situation. The counsellor asked the participants to relax for about minute or so which helped in developing positive thinking among the participants and they were feeling more energetic and calm in their nerves. It is known that when any person having anger disorder try different things forcefully to overcome it but in results it increases the tension (E. Anger, 2013). Therefore, relaxing would help and thus the counsellor has asked to client to wait for the result and do not get panic. Apart from that, in order to bring positive thinking, the counsellor told clients to appreciate the things that are really good without compromising such as related to foods, transport or anything else. Therefore, it would help in bringing about positive thinking change and better feeling. Moreover, the client should appreciate the work of their peers or labours working under him as i t will make the client feel good and satisfactory (Feng and Anger, 2013). As a result, the client will able to communicate in valuable way and also other people will able to connect with him largely. Furthermore, the counsellor concentrated on client to make him recall about the positive memories and experiences that have happened to him. The positive experiences will boost new energy and will refine the thought pattern or process of clients. Therefore, the client will be able to present most supportive and effective solutions to any problem and can also provide right advice to their kids, friends or office seniors (Filipovi, Vukosavljevi -Gvozden and Opa i, 2015). The positive memories and experiences will let the client win over the negative feeling and fostering positive change. As a result, the client would be able to get over anger issues and chances of conflict can be lowered down. Moreover, changing thinking process of client requires motivating them and providing complete details about change and its advantageous aspects. Dysfunctional Family and Healthy Family According to Freed and McLaughlin (2013), dysfunctional family is that family where issues of misbehaviour, conflict, child or individual abuse and child neglect are often found. The members of dysfunctional family accumulates familiar behaviour pattern and features which is a consequence of their experiences within the structure of family. On the other hand, Frost (2013) explained that people that protect their inner emotions and feelings fall in dysfunctional family and they do not like sharing their thoughts and feelings with someone. Moreover, they prefer solitary life and enjoying being alone. The person that belongs to this group generally gives more importance to performance than the person involved in ensuring that performance. Apart from that, member of dysfunctional family holds many secrets and make sure that nobody knows it. In the dysfunctional family, rules and regulation are usually rigid, unclear and inconsistent. Therefore, family member hardly follows rule and live by their own means without caring of someone else. Furthermore, Hamelin, Travis and Sturmey (2013) discussed that in the dysfunctional family, the members normally feel tired even if they do not perform any tough or physical work which eliminate them for being a part of healthy family. It has been also discussed that people are normally disappointed if the performance is not attained according to their expectation and due to that they makes the environment very tensed for themselves as well as for others. On the other hand, Hyman and Pedrick (2012) pointed that people belonging to dysfunctional family has low self-confidence and does not involve themselves in any discussion rather tries to avoid being part of anything. On the contrary, Johnson and Anderson (2013) illustrated that a healthy family is that family that are very much active in social and professional life. These people are confident enough to share and communicate their feelings with others and also give due importance to others feeling. Furthermore, Lee (2013) mentioned that member belonging to a healthy family gives more importance to individual person than the performance. Thus, it can be understood that feelings, sentiments and effort of the person is placed on higher note over the performance. As a result, it helps in building relationship and close bonding between each others. On the other hand, the member that is growing on personal or professional level is applauded and respect is given. The people acknowledges more loving cheerful environment and has effective communication channel. Apart from that, Lewis and Grigg (2013) pointed that criticism and appreciation both are welcomed as people thinks it will help them to overcome t heir mistakes and gain much higher performances. The rules and regulations in a healthy family are clear and flexible which does not make the home environment tense. Moreover, the members are ready to take up stress and provide better performance to their colleagues. It helps them to take up any challenges and strongly stands over it. On the other side, people give due importance to them and holds strong confident that they can pull off any work. Furthermore, the bonding or alliance between parent and their children is strong which helps them to tackle any family issues (Lixing, 2013). Role of Family Therapist in guiding dysfunctional family Psychodynamic Therapy: The family therapist can adopt this method for understanding the psychology of the patients. The unconscious processes associated with the current behaviour of the patients can be studied which would help in treating their problem. On the other hand, the psychodynamic approach would be effective for the patient to examine and assess their unresolved difference and also the symptoms that may have born from previous dysfunctional relationships (Marker and Aylward, 2012). Therefore, through this method the unconscious mind of the patient can be changed into conscious mind and they can improve their life. Apart from that, the psychodynamic therapy will help the family therapist to understand the mind state of the patients and their capacity to undertake any materials about which they are not aware. The therapy provide valuable support to people that face issues of obsessive compulsive disorders, phobias, etc (McCarthy, 2006). Moreover, due to this therapy the patie nts can have capability for self-reflection and understand the reason behind their psychic behaviour. Interpersonal Therapy: This therapy would be too effective for the family therapist to provide treatment to people suffering depression under dysfunctional family. The therapist can concentrate on enhancing communication patterns and relation of person with others. The communication will help in knowing the issues that are actually bothering them and why they have fall into depression (Megna, 2013). The child or adult into depression can be cured through interpersonal therapy. Through an effective communication, the patient can breakdown his emotions to therapist which the patients may not be willing to do so. On the other hand, through interpersonal therapy, the therapist can help the person to recognize their emotion and source of its origin so that best treatment can be done for taking patient out from depression. Furthermore, Pierce, Pierce and Gies (2013) proposed that interpersonal therapy would be effective for the patients in expressing their emotion and coming out of any inn er anger that may have been bothering them for long. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy: It is also one of the effective methods in helping the member of dysfunctional therapy. The family therapist can provide due care in helping the member to change their behaviour patterns. This would provide support to people in enhancing cognitive and emotional regulation by understanding about the matters that give rise to such psychic behaviour (Pincus, 2012). The family therapist can guide the member to have different thinking and have stable relationship with others. The suffering person can notice change in their behaviour and would look up to things in their actual means. The anxiety and depression can be treated and can be also useful in curing other physical related health issues. The dysfunctional family that is not able to relate with their family member earlier would be form a strong communication channel. Moreover, the family member can respect each other and would give due importance to the feelings of family member. As a result, the dysfunct ional family will be able to bring a happy and calm environment and the level of conflict between the families members will be brought down (Rogo-Gupta et al. 2013). Observation of psychiatrist The psychiatrist observed that parents of bereaved children are under high risk which is related to mental and health issues. The parents were talking less and were lost in thinking about their kid. As a result, it pushes them into depression for quite long which largely affects their relationship and also results in emotional breakdown. Apart from that, during the counselling session, the psychiatrist observed that parents were less interacting with him and was remaining silent for most of the time (Seed, 2013). Therefore, it turned difficult for the psychiatrist to engage their attention and interest in the session for purpose of handling situation. It is know that parents have close relationship with their kids and when their kids die, the parents break down into tears and they feel like their world is lost. Thus, counselling the parents was pretty much tough for the psychiatrist. On the other hand, the psychiatrist observed that other parents were highly involved in communicating with other people in order to remain away from emotional breakdown. The communication helps in decreasing the effect of the situation and it gives strength to the parents to fight the situation. Furthermore, during the session, the parents were counselled to not talk about the kid and should try to communicate with the member that may have come to attend the kids death funeral (Serres, 2010). Thus, communication was helpful to talk on other matters besides talking about childs death. Apart from that, the psychiatrist observed that parents are not falling into depression. Therefore, it helped the parents to behave and act normally and provided support to other family members that are largely affected from the children bereaved. Moreover, the psychiatrist observed that situation was effectively controlled and the environment has not worsened as it usually has in the society. The counse lling was effective for the parents to control their emotion as it would have bad impact on other kids of the parents which can affect their future life (Silverton, 2012). Further, psychiatrist acknowledged that some parents did not encounter the things that were taught in the counselling. As an outcome, they broke into tears including other members which made the environment saddened. Due to that, some were feeling weak and at the same time was bursting out their feelings (Wallace, 2013). Thus, it can be understood that in spite of taking counselling session to handle situation may not turn successful every time. Other than that, psychiatrist observed that some parents were able to take advantage points from counselling and was able to control their anxiety and mental state so that it does not have impact on their health and personal life and lead the life happily. Three Cs for managing stress and anxiety Commitment: It is regarded by the counsellors as one factor to give rise to stress and anxiety. It is known that, in schools, colleges or universities, the students need to have highly committed towards their studies in order to gain higher grades. Therefore, pressure from schools or of studies gives birth to anxiety and stress which affects the physical state of the students and their health. On the other hand, (Williams, 2012) discussed that if the person is not able to attain expected higher performance in spite of conferring due commitment and effort. Thus, it results in high stress and anxiety which can further leads to depression. The objective of earning performance within set time in comparison to other groups can leads to high stress if the competitors complete the task early and with top notch. Thus, it can make the person saddened and slowly the person can go into solitary zone. Apart from that, if any person is not able to fulfil the commitment made to society, then in th at case the person can feel stress and anxiety. Control: This can be too one case for rising anxiety and stress. When a person is not able to control their anger or any error for very long then the individual can be in a position of stress. On the other hand, if an individual employee of an organisation is regularly making mistakes or is not able to control their error in spite taking corrective measures. Then it can upset the employee and he/she may not be feeling satisfied with work which can turn into stress. Apart from that, (Williams, 2012) mentioned that if an individual is not able to have full control on their negative thought in spite being counselled then it can give rise to stress and anxiety. As a result, it can lower down the morale and confidence of the person which would affect their future life. Therefore, if control is not properly enforced then the person can be bounded with stress and anxiety. Challenge: Challenge is one of the reasons that can result to stress and anxiety. For instance, if an individual challenge other individual that he cannot perform better than him anytime and the challenge of the person came true then the other individual will largely fall into stress and anger. Moreover, the person would not be willing to take up challenge any further. On the other hand, the challenges of poverty or unemployment can be other causes that can turn to anxiety and stress (Wilson et al., 2013). It is known fact that people commit suicide due to high poverty and no employment to improve their life. Thus, challenges of social issues can make the life of the person hell and full of depression. Furthermore, the person may fall into high consumption of alcohol or any unethical means. Vicious Cycle of Neurotic Behaviour Priority: The major priority of the person may relate with earning income and profit in quick time so that the life of the family can be improved. Therefore, the person may involve themselves completely into work which may have serious impact on their health and mind which can result into neurotic behaviour. In order to fulfil desires that person can acknowledge different issues (Young and Kleist, 2010). Anxiety: In this section, a person can be feeling nervous about any particular matter that may be related to work or health. The person may not feel active to perform any performance with highest composure and productivity. As a result, an individual may fall into anxiety which can have serious impact on their health and behaviour (Megna, 2013). Due to anxiety, the person can feel pain in their body and may not be willing to interact with anyone and fall into depression. On the other hand, anxiety within the individual will make the person to take decision in hurry without acknowledging the consequences of the taken decision. Therefore, if the person is not able to gain the expected result then it can make the person sad and may be feeling low (Pierce, Pierce and Gies, 2013). Sleeping Problem: The other section in the vicious cycle is the problem in sleeping. The neurotic behaviour will turn the attitude of the person in negative way and lot of thoughts will be going through the mind of the people which may be impossible for him/her to control. As an outcome it would make the person to fall into high depression which may give rise to serious health issues such as blood pressure, gastritis, heart problem, etc (Rogo-Gupta et al. 2013). On the other hand, due to sleeping problem the person will not be able to maintain good relationship with family and friends. Moreover, on the larger scale, the person would be no more interested in social life and may cut from the society. Therefore, it would be understood that neurotic behaviour is a serious issue that can make the life of a person difficult to cop up with the arising situation. Loose joy: Due to neurotic behaviour the person may not be any more interested in enjoying the social life and communicating with others rather would prefer to stay alone. On the other hand, if any person would try to understand their problem then the suffering person may behave unethically and can burst out without any reason (Seed, 2013). As a result, other person would also not be interested and try to remain away from them. Therefore, the neurotic behaviour may make the person health weaker and slowly if it is gone in the same way the person can fall into unconscious mind and behave irrationally. Less Accomplishment: Due to less joy, health issues, etc could make difficult for the person to accomplish their desire and further it can lead to less recognition. On the other hand, person may not be able to gather enough capital for improving life and social status (Wallace, 2013). Thus, it can be understood that giving priorities to much importance than health can result into neurotic behaviour and it would be tough to cop up with the life in future. Two behavioural changes in depressive illness Suicidal Behaviour: According to Borsay (2012), an individual that is suffering from depressive illness often force individual to commit suicide. The person will act differently and will always give a sign that they are going to suicide. The behaviour can be related to wring a note in the form of song, using the word death on continuous basis while communicating with someone. Therefore, it gives a sign that at some point of time the person will do suicide. Moreover, the person would be not picking anyone calls, would be hardly interacting, looking to something continuously for long hours, etc. Thus, such kind of behaviour will provide details that person is suffering depression. Apart from that, Buka (2013) mentioned that, suicidal behaviour arises when someone is suffering from issues such as humiliation, unfair treatment, continuous failure, etc. There will be a change in the behaviour and person may not willing to socialize and would be staying alone, may not be interested in eati ng food, etc. Further, Cooklin (2013) pointed that parents or other family member should try to understand why the child or adult is behaving in such way and should consult with any psychiatrist to provide effective treatment to the person before any major damage can happen to the family. Continuous Health Issues: Person facing depression illness will suffer from disease on regular note such as headaches, digestive problems, excessive sleeping, insomnia, etc. As a result of such health issues, the person would not be interested to involve themselves in activities and may also avoiding physical relation with partner. Therefore, it would lead to problem in relationship which would hamper each one life (Freed and McLaughlin, 2013). On the other hand, due to depressive illness the person would be evading eating food and would be giving excuses which may be irrelevant to the points mentioned by the person. Furthermore, due to down in health, the person would stop socializing and also may not be telling about the issues faced by them to their family or friends. Apart from that, Feng and Anger (2013) pointed that person would be feeling restlessness, tired and would be taking wrong decision which may hamper their life. The individual would always have a question about health issue and the person would be regularly witnessing fatigueless and low energy which may forbid them to take part in social activity. On the other hand, due to continuous health problem, the person can go into severe depression which would be affecting the person as well as the people associated with them. References Anger, K., DeGrado, Greenwood, B., Cohen, S. and Szumita, P. (2013). Evaluation of recombinant activated protein C for severe sepsis at a tertiary academic medical center. TCRM, p.277. Avtgis, T. and Rancer, A. (2010). Arguments, aggression, and conflict. New York: Routledge. Bhave, S. and Saini, S. (2009). Anger management. New Delhi: SAGE Publications. Black, A. (2011). Catharsis. [S.l.: CreateSpace]. Borsay, C. (2012). Anger management interventions for adults with learning disabilities living in the community: a review of recent (2000-2010) evidence. British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 41(1), pp.38-44. Brenner, G., Bush, D. and Moses, J. (2010). Creating spiritual and psychological resilience. New York: Routledge. Brown, R. and Gerbarg, P. (2012). The healing power of the breath. Boston, Mass.: Trumpeter. Buka, P. (2013). Promoting Academic Achievement through Positive Relationships. Journal of Educational and Social Research. Cheshin, A., Glikson, E. and Callister, R. (2013). Anger and Aggression Under a Magnifying Glass - Focusing On Intensity. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2013(1), pp.14354-14354. Cooklin, A. (2013). Promoting children's resilience to parental mental illness: engaging the child's thinking. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 19(3), pp.229-240. Davis, R. (2012). Catharsis. [S.l.]: Authorhouse. Anger, K. (2013). Dexmedetomidine: A Review of its Use for the Management of Pain, Agitation, and Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 19(22), pp.4003-4013. Feng, T. and Anger, J. (2013). Surgical management of stress urinary incontinence: trends in older women. Aging Health, 9(5), pp.515-518. Filipovi, S., Vukosavljevi-Gvozden, T. and Opai, G. (2015). Irrational Beliefs, Dysfunctional Emotions, and Marital Adjustment: A Structural Model. Journal of Family Issues. Freed, P. and McLaughlin, D. (2013). Promoting Cultures of Thinking: Transforming Nursing Education to Transform Nursing Practice. Creative Nursing, 19(4), pp.174-181. Frost, M. (2013). Starving the anger gremlin: a cognitive behavioural therapy workbook on anger management for young people , by Kate Collins-Donnelly. Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties, 18(4), pp.452-453. Goodwin, G. (2011). Symptom relief and facilitation of emotional processing. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 21, pp.S710-S715. Hamelin, J., Travis, R. and Sturmey, P. (2013). Anger Management and Intellectual Disabilities: A Systematic Review. Journal of Mental Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 6(1), pp.60-70. Holbrow, P. (2013). Dust explosion venting of small vessels and flameless venting. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 91(3), pp.183-190. Hyman, B. and Pedrick, C. (2012). Anxiety disorders. Minneapolis: Twenty-First Century Books. Johnson, K. and Anderson, J. (2013). Rhetorical Constructions of Anger Management, Emotions, and Public Argument in Baseball Culture: The Case of Carlos Zambrano. NINE, 21(2), pp.56-76. Krueger, L. (2009). Anger management. Detroit: Greenhaven Press. Lee, M. (2013). Promoting historical thinking using the explicit reasoning text. The Journal of Social Studies Research, 37(1), pp.33-45. Lewis, H. and Grigg, R. (2013). Promoting thinking skills through visible routines. Early Years Educator, 15(6), pp.38-44. Lixing, Z. (2013). Strategic thinking on further promoting the development of the ChineseUS economic and trade relations. International Affairs Forum, 4(2), pp.180-189. Marker, C. and Aylward, A. (2012). Generalized anxiety disorder. Toronto: Hogrefe. McCarthy, N. (2006). Anger management. Nat Rev Cancer, 6(9), pp.658-659. Megna, P. (2013). Langlands Wrath: Righteous Anger Management in The Vision of Piers Plowman. Exemplaria, 25(2), pp.130-151. Peel, M. (2013). Catharsis. [S.l.]: Authorhouse. Pierce, L., Pierce, S. and Gies, C. (2013). Choices: Anger and Anger Management in Rehabilitative Care. Rehabilitation Nursing, 38(2), pp.80-87. Pincus, D. (2012). Growing up brave. New York: Little, Brown and Co. Quill, C. (2009). Anger and anger management. New York: Rosen Pub. Group. Rogo-Gupta, L., Litwin, M., Saigal, C. and Anger, J. (2013). Trends in the Surgical Management of Stress Urinary Incontinence Among Female Medicare Beneficiaries, 2002-2007. Urology, 82(1), pp.38-42. Seed, P. (2013). Anger management: bacteria soothe the savage host. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 123(6), pp.2348-2349. Serres, S. (2010). Applying Research to Build Healthy Families: An Interview With Les and Leslie Parrott. The Family Journal, 18(4), pp.443-447. Silverton, S. (2012). The mindfulness breakthrough. London: Watkins Pub. Wallace, C. (2013). Promoting Shifts in Preservice Science Teachers Thinking through Teaching and Action Research in Informal Science Settings. J Sci Teacher Educ, 24(5), pp.811-832. Williams, C. (2012). Overcoming anxiety, stress, and panic. London: Hodder Arnold. Wilson, C., Gandolfi, S., Dudley, A., Thomas, B., Tapp, J. and Moore, E. (2013). Evaluation of anger management groups in a high-security hospital. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 23(5), pp.356-371. Young, M. and Kleist, D. (2010). The Relationship Process in Healthy Couple Relationships: A Grounded Theory. The Family Journal, 18(4), pp.338-343.

BBS Piracy And The Copyright Essays - File Sharing,

BBS Piracy And The Copyright Recently, The Toronto Star published an article entitled RCMP seizes BBS, piracy charges pending. The RCMP have possessed all computer components belonging to the "90 North" bulletin board system in Montreal, Quebec. The board is accused of allowing end-users the opportunity to download (get) commercial and beta (not marketed, test) software. After a four month investigation, the RCMP seized ten micro-computers and seven modems. In addition, they found software applications of major corporations valued at a sum of approximately $25,000.00 (It is estimated that $200 million dollars are lost in revenues from software piracy, according to the Canadian Alliance Against Software Theft {CANST}). For a fee of $49/year, the user was enabled to download such software as WordPerfect, Microsoft DOS,Windows, Lotus, Borland C++, dBase IV, and IBM LAN which are all copyrighted by The Canadian Copyright Act. The RCMP acted in response to concern from the users who stated that they were not sure whether this software could be distributed electronically. Yves Roy, sergeant of RCMP stated that charges will be laid in early December under paragraph 42 of The Copyright Act. Conviction under this act carries a maximum punishment of a fine of $1 million dollars, and/or 5 years imprisonment. Because newspaper articles are very biased in one point-of- view, it is difficult to look at both sides of this situation. But let us discuss piracy in a more general manner. Software piracy is the act in which someone takes a copyrighted portion or whole of software, then electronically copies and/or distributes it, with or without modification of any sort. The software is distributed to other people and/or organizations who financially or otherwise charge/trade for the software's use, and lacking authority or permission from the company or person in which the software is copyrighted by. According to the article, the "90 North" BBS satisfies the software piracy definition and is therefore guilty of the act. The BBS is further liable if the software companies decide to file law suites against them. This is all fairly evident, but we need to ask ourselves whether The Copyright Act and its punishments are fair for modern society. To answer this question, we need to look at piracy and how it affects the world as a whole. One may wonder how "90 North" makes its money. Just to stay at a break even point, it needs 2,500 members! The answer is that the BBS does not buy the software from retailers. It buys the software from "pirate/cracking groups" such as The Humble Guys (THG), International Network of Crackers (INC), National Elite Underground Alliance (NEUA), Software Exchange (SEX), Public Enemy (PE), etc. (most of the groups are deal in the U.S. only). But how do these organizations get their software? From various places around the world such as Europe, the pirate groups pay people who work in software companies to send them commercial or beta software. Then the pirate groups hire "crackers" (people who alter the program's code) to un-copy-protect the software. Once this is done, the pirate groups ask various U.S. BBS's to pay them for this un-copy-protected software. Then, as you already know, the BBS asks the end-user for an annual fee to have access to the BBS. So, for an individual to risk his job for a fast buck, many people are able to get software at much of a discount. Canadians, however, are far luckier than the United States. Canadian pirate BBS's have a policy "you get as much as you give" (at various ratios), meaning that the amount of software you give to the board, is the amount of software (in bytes) you may receive; and no fee is required. As software gets bumped from one BBS to another in the states, it eventually makes it way up into Canada, where BBS users have the opportunity to get commercial software simply by giving the board other software. So what does all this activity tell us? This tells us the people are willing to go to great lengths to get software at a lower cost, or possibly in exchange for other software and are succeeding in their efforts. Although more than 50% of their income is from other companies which do not pirate, this posses a problem for the software industries. By fining a single bulletin board out of the thousands in North America, there would be little accomplished. Not to mention the fact the it is extremely difficult to prove and convict people under the copyright act. This is how the scene

Free Essays on Soldiers Home

In the short story â€Å"Soldier’s Home† by Ernest Hemingway, Harold Krebs is a lonely, almost purposeless man who has returned home from war. In the short story â€Å"The Eighty-Yard Run† by Irwin Shaw, Christian Darling is a married ex-football player now living in New York. These two men have many similarities in their lives as well as some differences. Krebs and Darling both had some very close similarities. First, both stories took place during the1920’s. Krebs and Darling both played in some type of field. One was a football field, the other was a battlefield. They both had an interest in women, to say the least. The saddest similarity these two men had was that they both seemed so terribly lonely and complacent after their days on the field. Often, both Krebs and Darling sat at home and let life slip by as they reflected on their past. Krebs would enjoy sitting on his porch at home and watching the young women walk down the street. After losing his job, Darling enjoyed sitting at home drinking and staring at his wife’s paintings that he disliked. I felt badly that both of these men chose to live their lives like that. These men also had some things in their lives that were very different. Darling seemed to have advanced a little farther in life than Krebs. He played football and graduated from Princeton; he also had a rich girlfriend who was very much in love with him. He went on to get a job with her fathers’ company and married his college girlfriend, Louise. He also moved out of his home-town and ended up living in New York City. After Harold’s days in the field, he continued living at home without a job. He seemed very interested in girls but not in actually pursuing them. Harold seemed to want everything to be as simple as possible after fighting in the war. He didn’t really seem to have any motivation. But, Krebs did have a closer relationship than Darling with his immediate family; although at times he ... Free Essays on Soldiers Home Free Essays on Soldiers Home In the short story â€Å"Soldier’s Home† by Ernest Hemingway, Harold Krebs is a lonely, almost purposeless man who has returned home from war. In the short story â€Å"The Eighty-Yard Run† by Irwin Shaw, Christian Darling is a married ex-football player now living in New York. These two men have many similarities in their lives as well as some differences. Krebs and Darling both had some very close similarities. First, both stories took place during the1920’s. Krebs and Darling both played in some type of field. One was a football field, the other was a battlefield. They both had an interest in women, to say the least. The saddest similarity these two men had was that they both seemed so terribly lonely and complacent after their days on the field. Often, both Krebs and Darling sat at home and let life slip by as they reflected on their past. Krebs would enjoy sitting on his porch at home and watching the young women walk down the street. After losing his job, Darling enjoyed sitting at home drinking and staring at his wife’s paintings that he disliked. I felt badly that both of these men chose to live their lives like that. These men also had some things in their lives that were very different. Darling seemed to have advanced a little farther in life than Krebs. He played football and graduated from Princeton; he also had a rich girlfriend who was very much in love with him. He went on to get a job with her fathers’ company and married his college girlfriend, Louise. He also moved out of his home-town and ended up living in New York City. After Harold’s days in the field, he continued living at home without a job. He seemed very interested in girls but not in actually pursuing them. Harold seemed to want everything to be as simple as possible after fighting in the war. He didn’t really seem to have any motivation. But, Krebs did have a closer relationship than Darling with his immediate family; although at times he ...

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Supply chain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

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